{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T05:49:05Z","timestamp":1792216145296,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016258","name":"Institute of Civil Military Technology Cooperation funded by the Defense Acquisition Program Administration and the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy of the Korean government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22-CM-BR-12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-CM-BR-12"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016258","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Polycaprolactone (PCL) is one of the most widely used polymers in tissue engineering owing to its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and processability. Nevertheless, most previous studies have primarily employed research-grade PCL, thereby limiting its clinical translation. In this study, four types of medical-grade PCL (RESOMER\u00ae C203, C209, C212, and C217) were systematically evaluated for their applicability in three-dimensional (3D) printing, with respect to printability, mechanical characteristics, chemical stability, and biodegradation behavior. Among these, C209 and C212 exhibited superior printability and mechanical strength. FT-IR analysis showed that the chemical structure of PCL remained unchanged after both 3D printing and E-beam sterilization, while compressive testing demonstrated no significant differences in mechanical characteristics. In vitro degradation assessment revealed a time-dependent decrease in molecular weight. For kinetic analysis, both C209 and C212 were fitted using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models, which yielded comparable coefficients of determination (R2), suggesting that degradation may be governed by multiple factors rather than a single kinetic pathway. Taken together, these findings indicate that medical-grade PCL, particularly C209 and C212, is highly suitable for 3D printing. Furthermore, this study provides fundamental insights that may facilitate the clinical translation of PCL-based scaffolds for tissue engineering and biomedical implantation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17202730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T05:48:21Z","timestamp":1760420901000},"page":"2730","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evaluation of Medical-Grade Polycaprolactone for 3D Printing: Mechanical, Chemical, and Biodegradation Characteristics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5419-0530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun Chae","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2101-0869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae-Seok","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun Jin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mechanical Engineering, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Gi","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong Yeop","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mechanical Engineering, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Mok","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Institute on Industrial Technology, Yeongcheon 38822, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So-Jung","family":"Gwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"MECHABIO Group, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Advanced Bio-Convergence Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7692-7070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyoung Duck","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Division of Mechanical Engineering, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"MECHABIO Group, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Advanced Bio-Convergence Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4055-9365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung-Jae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Division of Mechanical Engineering, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"MECHABIO Group, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Advanced Bio-Convergence Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gharibshahian, M., Salehi, M., Beheshtizadeh, N., Kamalabadi-Farahani, M., Atashi, A., Nourbakhsh, M.S., and Alizadeh, M. 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