{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T20:29:57Z","timestamp":1790108997062,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project","award":["PNURSP2025R824"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2025R824"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study evaluated the effect of acidic environment and tooth brushing on the color stability and translucency of stained 3D-printed ceramic-reinforced composite (CRC) resins for indirect restorations and hybrid prostheses. Twelve specimens were prepared from each 3D-printing resin material: Ceramic Crown (CC), OnX (ONX), and Tough 2 (T2), and one CAD\/CAM milling resin, Lava Ultimate (LU). After preparation, all specimens were stained, then immersed in either water or citric acid. Subsequently, the specimens underwent simulated tooth brushing for 3650 cycles. Color stability (\u0394E) and translucency parameter (TP) were measured using a spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, post hoc Tukey tests, and independent Student t-tests (\u03b1 = 0.05). Material type, immersion medium, and their interaction did not significantly influence the mean \u0394E (p &gt; 0.05). The lowest \u0394E value was for LU in acid (\u0394E = 1.11 \u00b1 0.39), and the highest for T2 in water (\u0394E = 2.09 \u00b1 1.47). Except for ONX and LU in acid, all materials had \u0394E values above the perceptibility threshold (\u0394E = 1.2). The mean TP was significantly affected by material type, immersion medium, and their interaction (p &lt; 0.05). The lowest TP value was for group CC in acid (0.91 \u00b1 0.26); the highest was for group LU in acid (6.24 \u00b1 0.56). After immersion and subsequent tooth brushing, TP values decreased for all materials. Exposure to an acidic environment and tooth brushing did not affect color stability but significantly reduced translucency. Both the 3D-printed CRCs and milled resin material displayed comparable color stability below clinically acceptable thresholds, though the translucency of 3D-printed materials remained lower compared to milled material.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17202772","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T12:17:02Z","timestamp":1760617022000},"page":"2772","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of Acidic Environment and Tooth Brushing on the Color and Translucency of 3D-Printed Ceramic-Reinforced Composite Resins for Indirect Restorations and Hybrid Prostheses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Alnafaiy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nawaf","family":"Labban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1118-0882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alhanoof Saleh","family":"Aldegheishem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7117-2203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saleh","family":"Alhijji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Refal Saad","family":"Albaijan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5569-9133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saad Saleh","family":"AlResayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafa Abdulrahman","family":"Alsultan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0156-8031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abeer Mohammed","family":"Alrossais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2436-3928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahaf Farhan","family":"Alanazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vichi, A., Balestra, D., Scotti, N., Louca, C., and Paolone, G. (2023). 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