{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T00:13:13Z","timestamp":1760746393629,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research of the National Institutes of Health","award":["R01DE025476","R56DE032903"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DE025476","R56DE032903"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although resin-based composite is the most popular direct restoration material in the U.S., composite restorations can fail shortly after placement. The leading cause of failure is recurrent marginal decay. The adhesive that bonds the composite to the tooth is intended to seal the margin, but the degradation of the adhesive seal to dentin leads to gaps that are infiltrated by cariogenic bacteria. The development of strategies to mitigate adhesive degradation is an area of intense interest. Recent studies focus on exploiting hydrogen\u2013bond interactions to enhance polymer network stability. This paper presents the preparation and characterization of model adhesives that capitalize on carbamate-functionalized long-chain silane monomers to enhance polymer stability and mechanical properties in wet environments. The adhesive composition is HEMA\/BisGMA, 3-component photoinitiator system, carbamate-functionalized long-chain silane monomers, e.g., commercial SHEtMA (Cb1) and newly synthesized SHEMA (Cb2). Polymerization behavior, water sorption, leachates, and dynamic mechanical properties were investigated. The properties of Cb1 and Cb2 were compared to previously studied middle- (SC4) and short-chain (SC5) silane monomers. Cb1- and Cb2-formulations exhibit greater resilience under wet conditions as compared to middle-chain silane monomers. Dental adhesives containing the carbamate-functionalized long-chain silane monomers exhibit reduced flexibility in water-submersed conditions and enhanced stability as a result of increased hydrogen\u2013bond interactions. The results emphasize the critical role of hydrogen bonding in maintaining structural integrity of dental adhesive formulations under conditions that simulate the wet, oral environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17202780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T07:33:50Z","timestamp":1760686430000},"page":"2780","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Incorporating Carbamate Functionalities in Multifunctional Monomer System Enhances Mechanical Properties of Methacrylate Dental Adhesives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2530-1761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Burak","family":"Korkmaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7608, USA"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4634-3864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erhan","family":"Demirel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7608, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9761-2358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anil","family":"Misra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida International University, 10555 W. Flagler Street, Miami, FL 33174-1630, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1960-2218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Candan","family":"Tamerler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7608, USA"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7608, USA"},{"name":"Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7608, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1447-826X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulette","family":"Spencer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7608, USA"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7608, USA"},{"name":"Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7608, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104831","article-title":"Survival analysis of posterior composite restorations in National Dental PBRN general dentistry practices","volume":"141","author":"Thyvalikakath","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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