{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T15:06:07Z","timestamp":1784300767744,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010626","name":"Ryukoku University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010626","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), Mission 4, Component 2, Investment 1.1","award":["1409"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1409"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2013NextGenerationEU\u2013Project Title: \u201cA bottom\/up approach for the study of the crystal structure of sustainable and eco-friendly polymers and the relationships with properties\u2014ECOPOLYCRYS\u201d","award":["1384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1384"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biobutanol can be obtained by fermentation of microorganisms and used as biofuel. The membrane separation is energetically favorable. The incorporation of butanol into syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) with crystalline nanopores was investigated as a function of the butanol uptake temperature using infrared spectroscopy. The OH stretching modes at 3596 and 3300 cm\u22121, corresponding to hydrogen-bonded butanol in the crystalline cavity and free butanol in the amorphous region, respectively, were employed for analysis. Upon immersion of the sPS film in butanol, butanol molecules were absorbed in the crystalline nanocavities and amorphous phase. Diffusion increased with the uptake temperature in both regions. This can be associated with the larger molecular mobility of butanol molecules at high temperatures, facilitating contact between the film surface and the butanol molecules. The number of butanol molecules incorporated into the crystalline cavity was estimated using Lambert-Beer\u2019s law. On average 90% of the nanopore cavities were occupied by butanol, while the remaining 10% were empty.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17222978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T10:35:31Z","timestamp":1762770931000},"page":"2978","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Incorporation of Butanol into Nanopores of Syndiotactic Polystyrene"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Saki","family":"Fujino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Chemistry, Ryukoku University, Seta, Otsu 520-2194, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rei","family":"Miyauchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Chemistry, Ryukoku University, Seta, Otsu 520-2194, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3418-195X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takahiko","family":"Nakaoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Chemistry, Ryukoku University, Seta, Otsu 520-2194, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3375-3119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Rizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biology and INSTM Research Unit, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.45.3.1160-1163.1983","article-title":"Acetone, isopropanol, and butanol production by Clostridium beijerinckii (syn. 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