{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T12:34:53Z","timestamp":1790166893540,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19-73-30028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-73-30028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Soft actuators are widely explored as movers in various devices, human\u2013machine interfaces, for medical purposes and other biomedical applications. Among them are soft actuators based on a foamed silicone matrix with the working liquid (WL) captured in its pores that undergo the liquid\u2013gas phase transition. For the first time, to gain the actuation strain of such composites, we added, to the WL, a substance that sublimates during the composite actuation. C1\u2013C3 alcohols were tested as WLs, while the sublimation substance (SS) used was benzoic acid dissolved in the WL. It was found that the rejuvenation procedure is able to fill the composite pores with WL + SS solution. The effect of benzoic acid addition was revealed using the two-stage heating mode. The sublimation substance effectively extends the composite strain for methanol and ethanol as WL for about 20%. For C3 propanols, the strain is left nearly unchanged. In the open-air conditions, the high diffusion of WL + SS in silicone allows only a single actuation that makes it a disposable actuator, i.e., a kind of safety switch is proposed. The results obtained in this work pave the way to future, powerful multipurpose \u201csoft safeties\u201d appliances.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17223032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T15:38:09Z","timestamp":1763393889000},"page":"3032","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Disposable Foamed Silicone Composite Actuator Powered by Sublimation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2857-9179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor","family":"Bezsudnov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials of Russian Academy of Sciences (ISPM RAS), Profsoyuznaya Str. 70, 117393 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9535-6955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alina","family":"Khmelnitskaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials of Russian Academy of Sciences (ISPM RAS), Profsoyuznaya Str. 70, 117393 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2486-3276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Kalinina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials of Russian Academy of Sciences (ISPM RAS), Profsoyuznaya Str. 70, 117393 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0930-7722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergey","family":"Ponomarenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials of Russian Academy of Sciences (ISPM RAS), Profsoyuznaya Str. 70, 117393 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, X., Li, H., Ma, T., Yang, Y., Luo, J., Wang, H., and Jiang, P. 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