{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T21:56:37Z","timestamp":1791669397814,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002241","name":"JST CREST","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPMJCR1905"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJCR1905"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent advances in 3D printing of silica glass have highlighted the limitations of conventional stereolithography (SLA), which requires high-temperature sintering (\u22481000 \u00b0C) and often uses slurry-based materials. To address these limitations, a sinterless approach using polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-based resin has gained attention, as it can form transparent fused silica at only 650 \u00b0C. However, previous POSS-based systems suffered from high shrinkage owing to the addition of organic monomers. In this study, a novel low-viscosity polymerizable POSS resin was synthesized without additional monomers, maintaining its sinterless properties while reducing shrinkage. Experimental results showed that our POSS resin has a silica content of 41%, with a shrinkage rate of only 36 \u00b1 1%, which effectively reduced cracking and warping when calcinating large-volume models. It was demonstrated that this resin can be applied not only to high-resolution glass 3D printing with sub-200 nm line widths using two-photon polymerization, but also to low-cost glass 3D printing using single-photon polymerization. The 3D-printed objects can be converted into silica glass structures at significantly lower temperatures than traditional sintering, offering a promising route for efficient and precise glass manufacturing. Potential applications of our POSS resin include the production of multi-scale devices, such as microfluidic devices and optical components, and hybrid processing with semiconductors and MEMS and photonic devices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17233204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T15:31:46Z","timestamp":1764689506000},"page":"3204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Low-Temperature Glass 3D Printing via Two-Photon and Single-Photon Polymerization of Oligo-Silsesquioxanes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Liyuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9508-3464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masaru","family":"Mukai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Hatta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoma","family":"Miura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6589-1225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shoji","family":"Maruo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan"},{"name":"Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan"},{"name":"Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D157","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.49.00D157","article-title":"Optical glass and glass ceramic historical aspects and recent developments: A Schott view","volume":"49","author":"Hartmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. 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