{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T11:49:35Z","timestamp":1780055375387,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education","award":["NRF-2021R1I1A3048257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2021R1I1A3048257"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A flexible and packed-type air filter ball (AFB) system was developed for the efficient removal of particulate matter (PM) and formaldehyde (HCHO). The Mg\/Si-embedded AFB (Mg\/Si-AFB) was synthesized through sequential physical etching of a sponge, oxidation of glass fiber, and subsequent formation of Mg-Si components. The resulting Mg\/Si-AFB exhibited a highly porous and roughened architecture with enhanced surface reactivity. A disk-type filtration device loaded with Mg\/Si-AFBs demonstrated a PM2.5 removal efficiency (RE) of 97.4% at a pressure drop of 57 Pa. The RE increased with packing density and PM concentration and notably remained constant even at high air velocities (7 m\/s). In addition, the oxidized glass fiber (GF)-based AFB (O-GF-AFB) exhibited rapid HCHO adsorption capability, achieving 100% HCHO removal within 1 min. Hybrid air filters combining Mg\/Si-AFBs and O-GF-AFBs in an equal ratio (8:8) exhibited synergistic performance, simultaneously achieving 97.1% PM2.5 RE and complete HCHO removal within 1\u20136 min, while maintaining low pressure drops (55\u201357 Pa) over 50 reuse cycles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17243312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T15:15:08Z","timestamp":1765811708000},"page":"3312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Packed-Type Reconfigurable Air Filtration System for Removal of Particulate Matter and HCHO"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Eun Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, 125 Dongseo-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-719, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Hee","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, 125 Dongseo-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-719, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong Geon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, 125 Dongseo-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-719, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4546-0732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Won San","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, 125 Dongseo-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-719, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3182770237","article-title":"The effect of air pollution control on life expectancy in the United States: An analysis of 545 US counties for the period 2000 to 2007","volume":"24","author":"Correia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4327","DOI":"10.1021\/es405533d","article-title":"2013 Southeast Asian smoke haze: Fractionation of particulate-bound elements and associated health risk","volume":"48","author":"Betha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. 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