{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T01:47:51Z","timestamp":1773452871496,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Centre, Poland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UMO-2020\/39\/B\/ST7\/02356"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UMO-2020\/39\/B\/ST7\/02356"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Utilization of natural processes can reduce the complexity and production cost of any device by limiting the necessary steps in the production scheme, especially when it comes to fibers with periodic changes in refractive index. One such process is the nematic\u2013isotropic phase separation of liquid crystal-based composite confined in 1D space. In this paper, we analyze the behavior of polymer-stabilized liquid crystal-based self-assembled periodic structures in an external electric field. We performed a detailed analysis regarding the reorientation of liquid crystal molecules under two orthogonal directions of the external electric field applied to the examined sample. It was demonstrated that the period of the polymerized structure remains constant until full reorientation, as the electric field induces the formation of new periodic defects in LC orientation. Consequently, the structure\u2019s effective birefringence changes quite drastically, and this observed change depends on the direction of the electric field vector. The obtained results seem promising when it comes to application of the proposed periodic structures as voltage or electric field sensors operating as long-period fiber gratings or fiber Bragg gratings for the visible or near-infrared spectral regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17243342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T16:42:05Z","timestamp":1766076125000},"page":"3342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Electrical Modification of Self-Assembled Polymer-Stabilized Periodic Microstructures in a Liquid Crystal Composite"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5156-7187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mi\u0142osz S.","family":"Chych\u0142owski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2330-2462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Kajkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Bolek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6799-1062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oleksandra","family":"Gridyakina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Aerospace Faculty, National Aviation University, Liubomyra Huzara Ave. 1, 03058 Kiev, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8053-6563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bartosz","family":"Bartosewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1172-8764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bart\u0142omiej","family":"Jankiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4692-4968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Lesiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"329","article-title":"Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers\u2014A New Challenge for Fiber Optics and Liquid Crystals Photonics","volume":"14","author":"Ertman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Opto-Electron. 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