{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T20:58:08Z","timestamp":1768510688599,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The article presents the preparation method of a green composite material composed of cellulose and lignin using an ionic liquid as a solvent. In the process, cellulose and lignin are dissolved in the ionic liquid and subsequently regenerated into a composite film via coagulation in ethanol\/water bath. The research focused on evaluating the mechanical properties of the resulting composite, which exhibited a high tensile strength exceeding 100 MPa, demonstrating its robustness and potential for various applications. Importantly, the simultaneous integration of lignin enabled a favorable balance between high mechanical strength and enhanced biodegradability, addressing a common trade-off in sustainable materials. Additionally, the biodegradation behavior of the composite in soil was investigated, showing that it gradually decomposes, making it environmentally friendly. Toxicity tests on soil bacteria indicated that the composite does not adversely affect microbial activity, supporting its suitability for ecological use. Furthermore, the gas permeability and water vapor transmission of the composite film was assessed, providing insight into its barrier properties. Overall, the study highlights the potential of cellulose-lignin composites produced via ionic liquids as sustainable and biodegradable materials with promising mechanical and environmental properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym18020211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T15:52:57Z","timestamp":1768319577000},"page":"211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Advanced Green Materials: Sustainable Cellulose\u2013Lignin Composite Films Prepared via Ionic Liquid Processing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1396-803X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Witold","family":"Madaj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Textile Institute, Lodz University of Technology, 116 Zeromskiego Street, 90-543 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Biopolymers and Chemical Fibers Center, \u0141ukasiewicz Research Network-Lodz Institute of Technology, 19\/27 Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 90-570 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7848-9801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Puchalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Textile Institute, Lodz University of Technology, 116 Zeromskiego Street, 90-543 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8198-0327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konrad","family":"Sulak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biopolymers and Chemical Fibers Center, \u0141ukasiewicz Research Network-Lodz Institute of Technology, 19\/27 Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 90-570 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4719-0270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"Wawro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biopolymers and Chemical Fibers Center, \u0141ukasiewicz Research Network-Lodz Institute of Technology, 19\/27 Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 90-570 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3528-4747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewelina","family":"Pabja\u0144czyk-Wlaz\u0142o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Textile Institute, Lodz University of Technology, 116 Zeromskiego Street, 90-543 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16905","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-24879-5","article-title":"A review of environmental friendly green composites: Production methods, current progresses, and challenges","volume":"30","author":"Rahman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. 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