{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T04:40:57Z","timestamp":1789015257583,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018537","name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Q (J056)-GC2-Y020-2024-279"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Q (J056)-GC2-Y020-2024-279"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["52305427"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52305427"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rubber materials undergo continuous wear in high-pressure seal applications. To address the risk of adhesive wear and consequent leakage of rubber seals operating under reciprocating sliding in high-pressure hydrogen storage and refueling systems, this study employed high-pressure hydrogen tribology testing. Ball-on-disk reciprocating tests were conducted using a 316L stainless-steel ball against silica-filled nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), and the friction response and wear-morphology evolution were compared under ambient air, 1 MPa hydrogen (H2), 50 MPa H2, 50 MPa nitrogen (N2), and grease-coated conditions. Under dry sliding, the coefficient of friction (COF) of NBR in air and hydrogen ranged from 1.34 to 1.44, whereas it decreased markedly to 0.942 in 50 MPa N2. The wear volume under the four dry conditions was concentrated in the range of ~0.292\u20130.320 mm3. After grease coating, the steady-state COF in air and at 50 MPa H2 dropped to 0.099 and 0.105, respectively, and the wear features changed from ridge-like wear patterns\/tear pits to regular, smooth indentations with slight running marks. The results demonstrate that a lubricating film can effectively separate direct metal\u2013rubber contact and suppress stick\u2013slip, enabling a low-friction, low-wear, and highly stable interface in high-pressure hydrogen, and providing a practical engineering route for reliable operation of rubber seals in hydrogen service.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym18020284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T08:48:08Z","timestamp":1768985288000},"page":"284","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Tribological Performance of Grease-Coated Rubber in High-Pressure Hydrogen Storage Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Sheng","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Equipment, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haijie","family":"Zhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Equipment, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenqiang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Dowhon New Materials Co., Ltd., Meishan 620000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6638-2820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sohail","family":"Yasin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Equipment, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"},{"name":"Hydrogen Energy Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaohua","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Equipment, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9972-310X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Equipment, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"},{"name":"Hydrogen Energy Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Equipment, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111051","article-title":"Sustainable Rubber Nanocomposites for Hydrogen Sealings: Impact of Carbon Nano-Onions and Bio-Based Plasticizer","volume":"230","author":"Yasin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Polym. 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