{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T21:19:48Z","timestamp":1792271988012,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ton Duc Thang University"},{"name":"CLMV Research Fellowship from Kasetsart University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ciprofloxacin, being a widely used antibiotic agent, has sparked growing interest in the field of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) for its selective recognition and removal. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the recent advances in the synthesis and applications of ciprofloxacin-imprinted polymers. The examination of synthesis compositions for the preparation of these polymers includes thorough discussions on functional monomers, crosslinkers, initiators, and solid supports. Various imprinting techniques, including bulk, precipitation, co-precipitation, and surface polymerization, have been assessed for the fabrication of the imprinted polymers. Furthermore, the advancing imprinting techniques, encompassing nano-scale imprinting, multi-functional monomers, multi-template imprinting, and electrochemical imprinting, are also highlighted. Additionally, an extensive exploration of the diverse applications of these polymers is also presented. These applications encompass selective separation and removal of ciprofloxacin from environmental samples, visual and electrochemical detection in complex matrices, their use as a stationary phase for HPLC, drug release, and photocatalysis. This review offers valuable insights into the current advancements and potential future directions in the development of ciprofloxacin-imprinted polymers, emphasizing their importance in diverse analytical and environmental applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym18030388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T12:49:44Z","timestamp":1770036584000},"page":"388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ciprofloxacin-Imprinted Polymers: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3136-6841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ut Dong","family":"Thach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minh Huy","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Cho Quan Ward, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cong-Hau","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2894-6119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Utkarsh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Science and Technology (i-CAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1431-3668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tongsai","family":"Jamnongkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fundamental Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Science at Sriracha, Kasetsart University, Chonburi 20230, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108840","article-title":"A Review of the Toxicity in Fish Exposed to Antibiotics","volume":"237","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part C Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.149205","article-title":"A Systematic Review on Antibiotics Misuse in Livestock and Aquaculture and Regulation Implications in China","volume":"798","author":"Shao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envadv.2023.100411","article-title":"A Review on the Fate, Human Health and Environmental Impacts, as Well as Regulation of Antibiotics Used in Aquaculture","volume":"13","author":"Cherian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Adv."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bsheal.2020.09.004","article-title":"Use of Antimicrobials in Food Animals and Impact of Transmission of Antimicrobial Resistance on Humans","volume":"3","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosaf. Health"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4461","DOI":"10.1039\/D3CE00514C","article-title":"Improving Aqueous Solubility of Ciprofloxacin: Three Different Stoichiometric Hydrated Salt Forms with Oxalic Acid","volume":"25","author":"Rapeenun","year":"2023","journal-title":"CrystEngComm"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lukin, A., Chudinov, M., Vedekhina, T., Rogacheva, E., Kraeva, L., Bakulina, O., and Krasavin, M. (2022). Exploration of Spirocyclic Derivatives of Ciprofloxacin as Antibacterial Agents. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27154864"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2022.113378","article-title":"Recent Trends on Electrochemical Determination of Antibiotic Ciprofloxacin in Biological Fluids, Pharmaceutical Formulations, Environmental Resources and Foodstuffs: Direct and Indirect Approaches","volume":"168","author":"Azriouil","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2018.07.004","article-title":"Global Aquatic Hazard Assessment of Ciprofloxacin: Exceedances of Antibiotic Resistance Development and Ecotoxicological Thresholds","volume":"Volume 159","author":"Kelly","year":"2018","journal-title":"Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2647","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.3552","article-title":"Implications of Fluoroquinolone Contamination for the Aquatic Environment\u2014A Review","volume":"35","author":"Janecko","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2786","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.678","article-title":"Toxicity of the Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin to Photoautotrophic Aquatic Organisms","volume":"30","author":"Ebert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Timofeeva, S.S., Tyukalova, O.V., and Timofeev, S.S. (2022). Environmental Risk and Possibilities of Ciprofloxacin Phytoremediation. Proceedings of the IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Institute of Physics.","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/1061\/1\/012025"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.129392","article-title":"Peroxydisulfate Activation by Nano Zero-Valent Iron Graphitized Carbon Materials for Ciprofloxacin Removal: Effects and Mechanism","volume":"437","author":"Fan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-020-00736-1","article-title":"Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles Incorporated Electrospun Fibers for Drug Delivery in Tissue Engineering Applications","volume":"10","author":"Anand","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Deliv. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2021.02.004","article-title":"An LC-MS\/MS Method for Simultaneous Analysis of the Cystic Fibrosis Therapeutic Drugs Colistin, Ivacaftor and Ciprofloxacin","volume":"11","author":"Yuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Anal."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4506","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.4506","article-title":"Simultaneous Quantification of Levofloxacin, Pefloxacin, Ciprofloxacin and Moxifloxacin in Microvolumes of Human Plasma Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Detection","volume":"33","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Chromatogr."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2019.03.070","article-title":"Water Compatible Imprinted Polymer Prepared in Water for Selective Solid Phase Extraction and Determination of Ciprofloxacin in Real Samples","volume":"200","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.1080\/01496395.2020.1819323","article-title":"Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Adsorption of Venlafaxine, Albendazole, Ciprofloxacin and Norfloxacin in Aqueous Environment","volume":"56","author":"Tegegne","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sep. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmrt.2021.03.048","article-title":"Nano Biosensors: Properties, Applications and Electrochemical Techniques","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2020.129000","article-title":"A Novel Fluorescent Optical Fiber Sensor for Highly Selective Detection of Antibiotic Ciprofloxacin Based on Replaceable Molecularly Imprinted Nanoparticles Composite Hydrogel Detector","volume":"328","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2016.08.047","article-title":"Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Based Micromechanical Cantilever Sensor System for the Selective Determination of Ciprofloxacin","volume":"88","author":"Okan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.teac.2022.e00193","article-title":"Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Highly Selective Sorbents in Sample Preparation Techniques and Their Applications in Environmental Water Analysis","volume":"37","author":"Kaya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Environ. Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mssp.2023.107800","article-title":"Composite Molecularly Imprinted Ratiometric Fluorescent Sensor Based on Carbon Dots and CdTe Quantum Dots for Visual Detection of Ciprofloxacin in Seawater","volume":"167","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2016.07.034","article-title":"Determination of Ciprofloxacin in Jiaozhou Bay Using Molecularly Imprinted Solid-Phase Extraction Followed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection","volume":"111","author":"Lian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.104893","article-title":"Effect of Experimental Conditions on the Binding Abilities of Ciprofloxacin-Imprinted Nanoparticles Prepared by Solid-Phase Synthesis","volume":"163","author":"Cavalera","year":"2021","journal-title":"React. Funct. Polym."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2018.08.023","article-title":"The Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Essentials: Curation of Anticancer, Ophthalmic, and Projected Gene Therapy Drug Delivery Systems","volume":"287","author":"Tuwahatu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Control Release"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2016.01.046","article-title":"Fabrication of Ciprofloxacin Molecular Imprinted Polymer Coating on a Stainless Steel Wire as a Selective Solid-Phase Microextraction Fiber for Sensitive Determination of Fluoroquinolones in Biological Fluids and Tablet Formulation Using HPLC-UV Detection","volume":"122","author":"Mirzajani","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1080\/09593330.2012.655324","article-title":"Selective Adsorption of Micro Ciprofloxacin by Molecularly Imprinted Functionalized Polymers Appended onto ZnS","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Technol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heidari, G., Afruzi, F.H., and Zare, E.N. (2023). Molecularly Imprinted Magnetic Nanocomposite Based on Carboxymethyl Dextrin for Removal of Ciprofloxacin Antibiotic from Contaminated Water. Nanomaterials, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano13030489"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2024.114178","article-title":"Development and Evaluation of Ciprofloxacin Local Controlled Release Materials Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers","volume":"195","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2021.114447","article-title":"Synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Extraction of Fluoroquinolones in Environmental, Food and Biological Samples","volume":"208","author":"Madikizela","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.200500439","article-title":"Direct Determination of Ciprofloxacin by Mass Spectrometry after a Two-Step Solid-Phase Extraction Using a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer","volume":"29","author":"Caro","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Sep. Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6284","DOI":"10.1021\/ma101013c","article-title":"Importance of Functional Monomer Dimerization in the Molecular Imprinting Process","volume":"43","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1021\/ma3024238","article-title":"Influence of Composition and Morphology on Template Recognition in Molecularly Imprinted Polymers","volume":"46","author":"Golker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201800939","article-title":"Simultaneous Determination of Levofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin in Human Urine by Ionic-Liquid-Based, Dual-Template Molecularly Imprinted Coated Graphene Oxide Monolithic Solid-Phase Extraction","volume":"42","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sep. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40310","DOI":"10.1002\/app.40310","article-title":"Surface Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Based on Yeast Prepared by Atom Transfer Radical Emulsion Polymerization for Selective Recognition of Ciprofloxacin from Aqueous Medium","volume":"131","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thach, U.D., Hanh Hong, N.T., Pham, T.D., Mai, H.D., and Nhu-Trang, T.-T. (2021). Synergetic Effect of Dual Functional Monomers in Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Preparation for Selective Solid Phase Extraction of Ciprofloxacin. Polymers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13162788"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmrt.2021.08.023","article-title":"Use of Two Functional Monomers for a New Approach to the Synthesis of a Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Ciprofloxacin","volume":"15","author":"Silva","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2016.07.027","article-title":"Computational Approaches in the Design of Synthetic Receptors\u2014A Review","volume":"936","author":"Cowen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2017.10.020","article-title":"Computational Modeling of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as a Green Approach to the Development of Novel Analytical Sorbents","volume":"98","author":"Kupka","year":"2018","journal-title":"TrAC\u2014Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suryana, S., Rosandi, Y., and Hasanah, A.N. (2021). An Update on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Design through a Computational Approach to Produce Molecular Recognition Material with Enhanced Analytical Performance. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26071891"},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"109","article-title":"Semi-Empirical Quantum Chemistry Method for Pre-Polymerization Rational Design of Ciprofloxacin Imprinted Polymer and Adsorption Studies","volume":"27","author":"Marestoni","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Braz. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34281","DOI":"10.1039\/D1RA05505D","article-title":"Co-Precipitation Polymerization of Dual Functional Monomers and Polystyrene- Co -Divinylbenzene for Ciprofloxacin Imprinted Polymer Preparation","volume":"11","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.24275\/rmiq\/SC1244","article-title":"A Computational Approach to Studying Ciprofloxacin and Methacrylic Acid in Pre-Polymerization Phase","volume":"15","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. Mex. De Ing. Quim."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-019-3448-z","article-title":"Fluorometric Determination of Ciprofloxacin Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymer and Polystyrene Microparticles Doped with Europium(III)(DBM)3Phen","volume":"186","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microchim. ACTA"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12823","DOI":"10.1039\/D0RA01838D","article-title":"A Chitosan Gold Nanoparticles Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Based Ciprofloxacin Sensor","volume":"10","author":"Surya","year":"2020","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1039\/C5CY01324K","article-title":"Specific Oriented Recognition of a New Stable ICTX@Mfa with Retrievability for Selective Photocatalytic Degrading of Ciprofloxacin","volume":"6","author":"Lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Catal. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"227","article-title":"Water-Compatible Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Extraction of Ciprofloxacin from Human Urine","volume":"75","author":"Yan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2009.08.047","article-title":"Molecularly Imprinted Solid Phase Extraction Coupled to High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for Determination of Trace Dichlorvos Residues in Vegetables","volume":"119","author":"Xu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1039\/C6CS00061D","article-title":"Molecular Imprinting: Perspectives and Applications","volume":"45","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1007\/s11458-008-0085-1","article-title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Recognition of Ciprofloxacin","volume":"3","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Front. Chem. China"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1021\/ac102839n","article-title":"Multiresidue Determination of Ultratrace Levels of Fluoroquinolone Antimicrobials in Drinking and Aquaculture Water Samples by Automated Online Molecularly Imprinted Solid Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography","volume":"83","author":"Marazuela","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2020.110777","article-title":"Photocatalytic, Fluorescent BiPO4@Graphene Oxide Based Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Detection, Removal and Degradation of Ciprofloxacin","volume":"111","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2018.05.034","article-title":"A Nanocomposite Optosensor Containing Carboxylic Functionalized Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes and Quantum Dots Incorporated into a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Highly Selective and Sensitive Detection of Ciprofloxacin","volume":"201","author":"Yuphintharakun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3753","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201401014","article-title":"Computational Simulation and Preparation of Fluorescent Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Silica Nanospheres for Ciprofloxacin or Norfloxacin Sensing","volume":"37","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Sep. Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48894","DOI":"10.1039\/C7RA09835A","article-title":"Construction of Stable Core-Shell Imprinted Ag-(Poly-O-Phenylenediamine)\/CoFe2O4 Photocatalyst Endowed with the Specific Recognition Capability for Selective Photodegradation of Ciprofloxacin","volume":"7","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2016.10.044","article-title":"Bioinspired Synthesis of PDA\/SiO2-Based Porous Ciprofloxacin-Imprinted Nanocomposite Membrane by a Polydopamine-Assisted Organic-Inorganic Method","volume":"309","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2013.10.005","article-title":"Selective Degradation of Ciprofloxacin with Modified NaCl\/TiO2 Photocatalyst by Surface Molecular Imprinted Technology","volume":"441","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3180","DOI":"10.1007\/s10854-020-05066-z","article-title":"Determination of Ciprofloxacin Drug with Molecularly Imprinted Polymer\/Co- Metal Organic Framework Nanofiber on Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode (GCE)","volume":"32","author":"Yahyapour","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201900923","article-title":"Separation and Determination of Ciprofloxacin in Seawater, Human Blood Plasma and Tablet Samples Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Pipette-Tip Solid Phase Extraction and Its Optimization by Response Surface Methodology","volume":"43","author":"Hashemi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Sep. Sci."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1039\/c0ay00706d","article-title":"Biomimetic Ciprofloxacin Sensors Made of Molecularly Imprinted Network Receptors for Potential Measurements","volume":"3","author":"Kamel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2010.11.082","article-title":"Ciprofloxacin-Imprinted Polymeric Receptors as Ionophores for Potentiometric Transduction","volume":"56","author":"Oliveira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"278","article-title":"Novel Molecularly Imprinted Monolithic Column for Selective On-Line Extraction of Ciprofloxacin from Human Urine","volume":"288","author":"Yan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biomed. Chromatogr."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2007.10.003","article-title":"Molecular Imprinting-Based Separation Methods for Selective Analysis of Fluoroquinolones in Soils","volume":"1172","author":"Turiel","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-008-2300-9","article-title":"Selective Sample Preparation for the Analysis of (Fluoro) Quinolones in Baby Food: Molecularly Imprinted Polymers versus Anion-Exchange Resins","volume":"393","author":"Turiel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2010.11.038","article-title":"Synthesis of a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer and Its Application for Microextraction by Packed Sorbent for the Determination of Fluoroquinolone Related Compounds in Water","volume":"685","author":"Prieto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2020.115923","article-title":"Strategies of Molecular Imprinting-Based Solid-Phase Extraction Prior to Chromatographic Analysis","volume":"128","author":"Arabi","year":"2020","journal-title":"TrAC\u2014Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moein, M.M., Abdel-Rehim, A., and Abdel-Rehim, M. (2019). Recent Applications of Molecularly Imprinted Sol-Gel Methodology in Sample Preparation. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24162889"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-004-0274-7","article-title":"Molecular Imprinting in Sol-Gel Materials: Recent Developments and Applications","volume":"149","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4896","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14855","article-title":"In Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation of Novel Ciprofloxacin-Releasing Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lenses","volume":"55","author":"Hui","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.3390\/ma5010085","article-title":"Acetic and Acrylic Acid Molecular Imprinted Model Silicone Hydrogel Materials for Ciprofloxacin-Hcl Delivery","volume":"5","author":"Hui","year":"2012","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1080\/10837450.2016.1230131","article-title":"Ciprofloxacin-Imprinted Hydrogels for Drug Sustained Release in Aqueous Media","volume":"22","author":"Kioomars","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharm. Dev. Technol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s10971-015-3747-8","article-title":"Synthesis of Magnetic Molecular Imprinted Silica Spheres for Recognition of Ciprofloxacin by Metal-Coordinate Interaction","volume":"76","author":"An","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Solgel Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3782","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201800418","article-title":"Fluorescent Molecularly Imprinted Nanoparticles for Selective and Rapid Detection of Ciprofloxacin in Aquaculture Water","volume":"41","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Sep. Sci."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7177","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-07437-4","article-title":"Multi-Templates Surface Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Rapid Separation and Analysis of Quinolones in Water","volume":"27","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1039\/C3AY40866C","article-title":"Magnetic Imprinted Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (MI-SERS) Based Ultrasensitive Detection of Ciprofloxacin from a Mixed Sample","volume":"6","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"ref_76","first-page":"72","article-title":"Preparation of Surface Imprinted Magnetic Nanoparticles for Selective Detection of Ciprofloxacin in Milk","volume":"30","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gazi Univ. J. Sci."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3383","DOI":"10.1039\/C5AY03410H","article-title":"Fabrication of an Electrochemical Sensor Based on Magnetic Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for the Determination of Ciprofloxacin","volume":"8","author":"Bagheri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1039\/a809014i","article-title":"Molecularly Imprinted Monodisperse Microspheres for Competitive Radioassay","volume":"36","author":"Ye","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anal. Commun."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1080\/09205063.2018.1457417","article-title":"Detection of Ciprofloxacin through Surface Plasmon Resonance Nanosensor with Specific Recognition Sites","volume":"29","author":"Sari","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2016.12.047","article-title":"New Advances in Restricted Access Materials for Sample Preparation: A Review","volume":"959","author":"Santos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2800","DOI":"10.1039\/C9AY00132H","article-title":"Dual Functional Monomer Surface Molecularly Imprinted Microspheres for Polysaccharide Recognition in Aqueous Solution","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1021\/am4042405","article-title":"Novel Pb2+ Ion Imprinted Polymers Based on Ionic Interaction via Synergy of Dual Functional Monomers for Selective Solid-Phase Extraction of Pb2+ in Water Samples","volume":"6","author":"Cai","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2010.09.059","article-title":"Preparation of Magnetic Indole-3-Acetic Acid Imprinted Polymer Beads with 4-Vinylpyridine and \u03b2-Cyclodextrin as Binary Monomer via Microwave Heating Initiated Polymerization and Their Application to Trace Analysis of Auxins in Plant Tissues","volume":"1217","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7562","DOI":"10.1021\/jo00078a041","article-title":"Recognition Sites Incorporating Both Pyridinyl and Carboxy Functionalities Prepared by Molecular Imprinting","volume":"58","author":"Andersson","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"ref_85","first-page":"693","article-title":"Determination of Fluoroquinolones in Grass carp by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry Using Mixed-templates Imprinted Polymer Extraction","volume":"40","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin. J. Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3177","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-011-5696-6","article-title":"Electrochemically Synthesized Polymers in Molecular Imprinting for Chemical Sensing","volume":"402","author":"Sharma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2020.110231","article-title":"Molecularly Imprinted Polymers by the Surface Imprinting Technique","volume":"145","author":"Dong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coelec.2018.12.005","article-title":"Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Biopolymers","volume":"14","author":"Scheller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Electrochem."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coelec.2020.09.007","article-title":"Electropolymerized Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: Perceptions Based on Recent Literature for Soon-to-Be World-Class Scientists","volume":"25","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Electrochem."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2020.115980","article-title":"Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Potentiometric Sensors","volume":"130","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"TrAC\u2014Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1080\/00032719.2011.644713","article-title":"Strategies for Preparation of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Modified Electrodes and Their Application in Electroanalysis: A Review","volume":"45","author":"Cervini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal. Lett."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5511","DOI":"10.1039\/C6AY00810K","article-title":"Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Solid Phase Extraction Combined High Performance Liquid Chromatography for Determination of Fluoroquinolones in Milk","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2018.12.076","article-title":"Preparation of Dual-Dummy-Template Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Coated Magnetic Graphene Oxide for Separation and Enrichment of Phthalate Esters in Water","volume":"361","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2018.09.080","article-title":"Novel Magnetic Multi-Templates Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Selective and Rapid Removal and Detection of Alkylphenols in Water","volume":"357","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2837","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201800146","article-title":"Synthesis of a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer on MSiO2@Fe3O4 for the Selective Adsorption of Atrazine","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Sep. Sci."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5908","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms12095908","article-title":"Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: Present and Future Prospective","volume":"12","author":"Vasapollo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcat.2011.08.019","article-title":"Biomimetic Catalysis at Silicon Centre Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymers","volume":"284","author":"Abbate","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Catal."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2076","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.8b00020","article-title":"Surface Properties and Chemical Constitution as Crucial Parameters for the Sorption Properties of Ionosilicas: The Case of Chromate Adsorption","volume":"1","author":"Thach","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27412","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.6b09457","article-title":"Tuning the Interfacial Properties of Mesoporous Ionosilicas: Effect of Cationic Precursor and Counter Anion","volume":"120","author":"Thach","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2018.07.041","article-title":"Binussreejayan Electrochemical Sensing of Cholesterol by Molecularly Imprinted Polymer of Silylated Graphene Oxide and Chemically Modified Nanocellulose Polymer","volume":"92","author":"Anirudhan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_101","unstructured":"Yanmamura, I.H., and Kuhar, M.J. (1985). Neurotransmitter Receptor Binding, Raven Press."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.5012\/bkcs.2008.29.6.1173","article-title":"Molecularly Imprinted Solid-Phase Extraction for Determination of Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin in Chicken Muscle","volume":"29","author":"Yan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bull. Korean Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7620","DOI":"10.1039\/C6NJ01473A","article-title":"Ionosilicas as Efficient Adsorbents for the Separation of Diclofenac and Sulindac from Aqueous Media","volume":"40","author":"Bouchal","year":"2016","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2564","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c07095","article-title":"Electrochemical Sensor Based on a Composite of Reduced Graphene Oxide and Molecularly Imprinted Copolymer of Polyaniline\u2013Poly(o-Phenylenediamine) for Ciprofloxacin Determination: Fabrication, Characterization, and Performance Evaluation","volume":"8","author":"Chuiprasert","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2855","DOI":"10.1002\/jmr.2855","article-title":"Molecularly Imprinted Polymers\u2014A Closer Look at the Control Polymer Used in Determining the Imprinting Effect: A Mini Review","volume":"33","author":"Ndunda","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mol. Recognit."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.1007\/s13738-019-01701-7","article-title":"The Core\u2013Shell Nanosized Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Preconcentration and Determination of Ciprofloxacin in Human Fluid Samples Using a Vortex-Assisted Dispersive Micro-Solid-Phase Extraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography","volume":"16","author":"Mirzajani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Iran. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11005","DOI":"10.1021\/jf303222a","article-title":"Development of an Improved Method for Trace Analysis of Quinolones in Eggs of Laying Hens and Wildlife Species Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymers","volume":"60","author":"Blasco","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1080\/10826076.2011.562592","article-title":"Enrofloxacin-Imprinted Monolithic HPLC Columns Synthesized by in Situ Copolymerization for Chromatographic Separation","volume":"34","author":"Lv","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201200784","article-title":"Molecular Imprinted Polymers for Separation Science: A Review of Reviews","volume":"36","author":"Cheong","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Sep. Sci."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2016.09.049","article-title":"Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor for Antibiotics Detection Based on Photo-Initiated Polymerization Molecularly Imprinted Array","volume":"161","author":"Luo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.8b00171","article-title":"Molecularly Imprinted Polymers","volume":"119","author":"Belbruno","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2025.127537","article-title":"Visual Detection of Ciprofloxacin Using a Multi-Emission Ratiometric Fluorescence Sensor Based on the Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Doped with Terbium(III) Ions","volume":"286","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2025.146173","article-title":"An IFE-Based Molecularly Imprinted Nanosensor for Highly Sensitive and Rapid Ratiometric Fluorescence-Visualization Detection of Ciprofloxacin","volume":"494","author":"Pang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.137845","article-title":"Biomimetic Ratiometric Fluorescence Sensor Based on Perovskite Quantum Dots and Carbon Dots for Ultrasensitive Ciprofloxacin Detection","volume":"490","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2019.123618","article-title":"Effect of Natural and Synthetic Surfactants on Polysaccharide Nanoparticles: Hydrophobic Drug Loading, Release, and Cytotoxic Studies","volume":"578","author":"Putro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2015.06.027","article-title":"Applications of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers to the Analysis and Removal of Personal Care Products: A Review","volume":"146","author":"Figueiredo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.123643","article-title":"Construction of Natural Polymeric Imprinted Materials and Their Applications in Water Treatment: A Review","volume":"403","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11027","DOI":"10.1007\/s00289-024-05224-x","article-title":"Green Synthesis of Molecularly Tailored Chitosan-Based Gold and Silver Nanocomposite and Their Application in Selective Recognition of Ciprofloxacin","volume":"81","author":"Khatoon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Polym. Bull."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.166464","article-title":"Construction of an Allophane-Based Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for the Efficient Removal of Antibiotic from Aqueous Solution","volume":"903","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6317","DOI":"10.1002\/pat.6317","article-title":"Current Advances in Molecularly Imprinted Polymers and Their Release Mechanisms in Drug Delivery Systems","volume":"35","author":"Lawai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Polym. Adv. Technol."}],"container-title":["Polymers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/18\/3\/388\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T12:51:55Z","timestamp":1770036715000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/18\/3\/388"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"references-count":120,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["polym18030388"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym18030388","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]}}}