{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T02:53:29Z","timestamp":1791600809728,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012725","name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["21995.25-P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21995.25-P"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, bimetallic TiO2-ZnO nanoparticles were phytosynthesized in molar ratios of 1Ti:1Zn, 2Ti:1Zn, and 1Ti:2Zn, using plant extract of Ruta graveolens leaves as reductant agent. The TiO2-ZnO nanoparticles were supported on chitosan films at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.2% (w\/v). The resulting films were characterized by FTIR, TGA-DT and DSC analysis, confirming an adequate impregnation of the nanoparticles in the polymeric matrix and stability against temperature variations, while swelling tests revealed good structural strength without appreciable deformation. The antimicrobial activity of the membranes was evaluated by the disk diffusion method (Kirby\u2013Bauer) against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. It was observed that the membranes having nanoparticles of stoichiometric ratios 1Ti:1Zn and 2Ti:1Zn presented higher microbicidal activity, especially against Gram-positive bacteria and yeast. The microbicidal effect of TiO2-ZnO nanoparticles varies with each strain. The inhibition halo of the 2Ti:1Zn sample grow up to 14% in most tests, while the 1Ti:2Zn sample produces the smallest halo for E. coli and C. albicans; however, for S. aureus, the halo improves by up to 33%. This phenomenon is attributed to the stoichiometric arrangement capable of inducing oxidative stress. The results show the potential of chitosan films impregnated with TiO2-ZnO NPs as functional materials for biomedical applications, especially in the development of dressings with enhanced antimicrobial properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym18040447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T15:23:14Z","timestamp":1770736994000},"page":"447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Bimetallic TiO2-ZnO Nanoparticles Phytosynthesized with Ruta graveolens Extract Supported on a Chitosan Film"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2247-7577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelica Monserrat","family":"Vel\u00e1zquez-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico\/Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Morelia, Divisi\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Av. Tecnol\u00f3gico 1500, Lomas de Santiaguito, Morelia CP 58120, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1271-5930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Gallegos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico\/Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Toluca, Divisi\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Av. Tecnol\u00f3gico S\/N, Agr\u00edcola Bellavista, Metepec CP 52149, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8232-4866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio C\u00e9sar","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Ju\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico\/Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Morelia, Divisi\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Av. Tecnol\u00f3gico 1500, Lomas de Santiaguito, Morelia CP 58120, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1949-7881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio","family":"Villalobos-Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico\/Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Morelia, Divisi\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Av. Tecnol\u00f3gico 1500, Lomas de Santiaguito, Morelia CP 58120, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Albiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico\/Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Toluca, Divisi\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Av. Tecnol\u00f3gico S\/N, Agr\u00edcola Bellavista, Metepec CP 52149, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Manjarrez-Olvera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico\/Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Toluca, Divisi\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Av. Tecnol\u00f3gico S\/N, Agr\u00edcola Bellavista, Metepec CP 52149, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Garc\u00eda-Ibarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico\/Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Toluca, Divisi\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Av. Tecnol\u00f3gico S\/N, Agr\u00edcola Bellavista, Metepec CP 52149, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4864-3975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Illescas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico\/Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Toluca, Divisi\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Av. Tecnol\u00f3gico S\/N, Agr\u00edcola Bellavista, Metepec CP 52149, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2026, January 12). WHO Bacterial Priority Pathogens List, 2024: Bacterial Pathogens of Public Health Importance to Guide Research, Development and Strategies to Prevent and Control Antimicrobial Resistance. 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