{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T17:58:10Z","timestamp":1772647090446,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: This study aimed to obtain a core\u2013shell chitosan\u2013TiO2 nanoparticle and to investigate its ability to inhibit Candida albicans biofilm formation when added to 3D-printed polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base resins. Materials and Methods: Ionic gelation was employed to prepare and characterize the nanoparticle, and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction were used to identify the structure and morphology. Nanoparticle was added to 3D-printed denture resins at four different weight percentages (0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%) and antibiofilm activity was determined by carrying out Colony Forming Unite (CFU) counts after exposure to C. albicans. Results: The 0.25 wt.% chitosan\u2013TiO2 group exhibited a significant reduction in colony-forming units (CFUs) compared to the control (p &lt; 0.05). Although higher nanoparticle concentrations showed improved biofilm formation, this was most likely caused by nanoparticle aggregation, which interfered with surface homogeneity and biofilm resistance. Conclusions: Incorporating a 0.25 wt.% core\u2013shell chitosan\u2013TiO2 nanoparticle into 3D-printed denture base resin markedly improves its antibiofilm activity against Candida albicans while maintaining the material\u2019s integrity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym18050631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T15:01:07Z","timestamp":1772636467000},"page":"631","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Synthesis of Core\u2013Shell Chitosan\u2013TiO2 Nanoparticles and Its Impact on Candida albicans Biofilm Inhibition on 3D-Printed Denture Base Resins: An In Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8754-2845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sawa","family":"Ameen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Prosthodontics Department, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faraidoon","family":"Miran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prosthodontics Department, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0043-3511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruska","family":"Azhdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yerliyurt, K., Ta\u015fdelen, T.B., E\u011fri, \u00d6., and E\u011fri, S. 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