{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T03:09:22Z","timestamp":1785208162788,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Council","award":["AdC.202204-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AdC.202204-5"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research","award":["202277NXZY"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202277NXZY"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Electrospinning and electrospraying nanotechnologies were used to valorise agro-industrial residues into biohybrid controlled-release polyphenol (CRP) scaffolds. Four polyhydroxybutyrate \u00b1 polycaprolactone (PHB\u00b1PCL) architectures were fabricated that differed in polymer phase, Klason lignin from hazelnut shell (HS-KL) presence vs. absence, and co-location with grape-pomace polyphenols (GP-PPs), as well as in distribution between fibres and bead-like depots. Scaffolds were characterised using optical microscopy\/stereomicroscopy\/SEM, FTIR, UV\u2013Vis spectroscopy, and dynamic water contact angle (absorption). GP-PP release was monitored for 14 days at ~25 \u00b0C and 37 \u00b0C, the latter representing shallow-soil hot-spell conditions in Mediterranean zones. All matrices exhibited multimodal release, with modest initial bursts and three phases (burst, mid, and late tail), analogous to controlled-release fertiliser profiles. At ~25 \u00b0C, the PHB\/PCL matrix with HS-KL confined to PHB fibres and GP-PP in large PCL beads showed the highest total GP-PP release, whereas the architecture with HS-KL and GP-PP co-located in both PHB and PCL fibres and in PCL depots combined high total release with a smoother, well-metered late phase. At 37 \u00b0C, this HS-KL-GP-PP co-located scaffold was the most robust, retaining the highest total and late tail release. These results identify HS-KL-GP-PP co-located PHB\/PCL architectures as promising carriers for temperature-resilient delivery of bioactive polyphenols in Mediterranean agrosystems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym18060715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T13:32:07Z","timestamp":1773667927000},"page":"715","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Agro-Industrial Biowaste Valorisation by Engineering Controlled-Release Polyphenol Products for Applications in Sustainable Agriculture"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9810-8746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"De Cesare","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Innovation in Biological, AgriFood and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Atmospheric Pollution 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Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6990-0327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Riccucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials (ISMN), National Research Council (CNR), 00010 Montelibretti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5834-7248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianmarco","family":"Alfieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Innovation in Biological, AgriFood and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5856-7024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Bellincontro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Innovation in Biological, AgriFood and Forest Systems (DIBAF), 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