{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T05:02:04Z","timestamp":1775624524518,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examines the compressive behavior and analytical modelling of natural and rubberized concretes (RuC) confined with low-cost glass chopped-strand mat (GCSM) jackets. A total of forty-two cylindrical specimens were tested under axial compression to assess the influence of rubber particle size, confinement configuration, and the number of GCSM layers. The RuC mixes were prepared by replacing 20% of fine aggregate by volume with crumb rubber of two size fractions: coarse (2.0 mm, retained on #10 sieve) and fine (0.425 mm, retained on #40 sieve). Both full- and strip-wrapping schemes were applied using two, four, and six layers of GCSM. The results demonstrated that GCSM jackets significantly enhanced the mechanical performance of both NAC and RuC specimens. Full wrapping provided the highest confinement efficiency, increasing compressive strength by up to 115% for NAC and 90% for RuC, while the ultimate axial strain increased by more than 1300% compared with unconfined specimens. Strip wrapping also improved performance, producing strength gains of 25\u201345% and strain increases of 250\u2013500%. Analytical stress\u2013strain models were developed through regression analysis, showing strong correlation with the experimental results (R2 = 0.80\u20130.99). The proposed GCSM jacket system demonstrates high potential as a sustainable and economical alternative for strengthening and retrofitting rubberized concretes, offering improved ductility and energy absorption while supporting circular material utilization. It is noted that the confinement ratio, size of rubberized aggregates, and their percentage replacement of rubberized aggregates should be consistent with the values used in this work in order to use the proposed analytical expressions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym18070841","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T15:20:47Z","timestamp":1774884047000},"page":"841","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhancing Strength and Ductility of Rubberized Concrete Using Low-Cost Glass Jackets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9592-8121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panumas","family":"Saingam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut\u2019s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2190-3009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Noman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil and Coastal Engineering Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Burachat","family":"Chatveera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9686-0288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gritsada","family":"Sua-Iam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon, Bangkok 10800, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0612-4691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tahir","family":"Mehmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil and Architecture Engineering Department, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qudeer","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Kasem Bundit University, Bangkok 10510, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7799-5251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Alameri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Architecture, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1069-1653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panuwat","family":"Joyklad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok 26120, Thailand"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Rail System Technology and Civil Engineering Material Innovation for Sustainable Infrastructure, Strategic Wisdom and Research Institute, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2020.102014","article-title":"Scope of reusing waste shredded tires in concrete and cementitious composite materials: A review","volume":"35","author":"Hamdi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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