{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T04:57:51Z","timestamp":1775537871414,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Major Science and Technology Project of Yunnan Province","award":["202402AE090027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202402AE090027"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Youth Top Talent Project","award":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-142"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-142"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013314","name":"111 Project","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["D21027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D21027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013314","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Foreign Expert Work-station","award":["202305AF150006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202305AF150006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To address the hazards posed by formaldehyde emissions from wood-based products to human health and the indoor environment, research on wood adhesives has focused on developing green and eco-friendly alternatives. However, the limited water resistance and bonding strength of bio-based or glyoxal-based adhesives have hindered their practical application. In this work, a co-condensation method was employed to prepare glyoxal-based co-condensation adhesive incorporating starch and a small amount of chitosan as synergistic reinforcing agents to enhance their cross-linking extent. Considering cost control, the starch content was varied to adjust the adhesive properties. When the molar ratio of glyoxal to urea was 2:1 and the mass ratio of starch to urea was 0.5:1, the adhesive exhibited optimal bonding strength, reaching 1.48 MPa after immersion in cold water for 24 h and 0.91 MPa after treatment in 63 \u00b0C hot water for 3 h. These values exceeded the requirements of the Chinese national standard (GB\/T 9846-2015, \u22650.7 MPa). Structural analysis indicated Schiff base and aldol condensation reactions among amino groups in chitosan and urea and hydroxyl and aldehyde groups in starch and glyoxal, forming chemical covalent cross-links that contributed to improved water resistance and bonding strength of plywood samples. Furthermore, the excellent penetration ability of the adhesive could promote the formation of a uniform and dense cross-linked network under hot-pressing conditions, thereby enhancing the overall performance of the plywood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym18070853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T16:51:02Z","timestamp":1775148662000},"page":"853","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Glyoxal Based Co-Condensation Adhesive with Excellent Water Resistance Using Chitosan and Starch as Enhanced Agents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jiawei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood and Bamboo Biomass Materials, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lele","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood and Bamboo Biomass Materials, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liangjun","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood and Bamboo Biomass Materials, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijadhadh.2024.103801","article-title":"Emerging Technologies on Developing High-Performance and Environmentally Friendly Carbohydrate-Based Adhesives for Wood Bonding","volume":"134","author":"Dewantoro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. 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