{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T17:41:53Z","timestamp":1789062113606,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"AgriBioPack","award":["1959"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1959"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004410","name":"Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["124N021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["124N021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recently, more sustainable and biodegradable packaging materials have begun to attract attention in food packaging due to major, rising concerns related to plastic usage. This study aims to develop and characterize biodegradable food packaging materials, namely poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(\u03b5-caprolactone) (PCL) enriched with pomegranate peel extract (PoPE). Firstly, the optimal extract selected was a 24 h maceration of PoPE with 60% ethanol, after production with different solvents and methods. PLA- and PCL-based films were produced via melt compounding with the addition of PoPE at different concentrations (1, 3, 5 and 10%, w\/w). FTIR confirmed that the PoPE did not modify the chemical backbones of PLA or PCL, with only a more pronounced O\u2013H band in PCL, suggesting mainly non-covalent\/physical interactions. UV\u2013Vis spectroscopy showed tunable warm coloration and strong UV shielding with reduced transparency; for PLA ~3\u20135 wt.%, PoPE enabled near-complete UV blocking, while PCL achieved very high UV protection even at low loadings. PoPE improved toughness in PLA (3\u20135 wt.%) and maintained ductility in PCL (1\u201310 wt.%). PoPE-added PLA and PCL films maintained thermal stability up to 10 wt.% according to TGA results. DSC\/XRD indicated a matrix-dependent crystallization response. PLA remained largely amorphous, whereas PoPE promoted PCL crystallinity without changing polymer crystal polymorphs. SEM images revealed homogenous dispersion of PoPE in the films.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym18070896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T12:03:47Z","timestamp":1775563427000},"page":"896","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Production and Characterization of Poly(lactic acid) and Poly(\u03b5-caprolactone) Films Enriched with Pomegranate Peel Extract: Toward Biodegradable and Sustainable Food Packaging"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5718-7649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d6mer Faruk","family":"Uslu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Yeditepe University, Ata\u015fehir, 34755 \u0130stanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nebahat","family":"Aral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Yeditepe University, Ata\u015fehir, 34755 \u0130stanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2570-2431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sinem","family":"Arg\u00fcn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Yeditepe University, Ata\u015fehir, 34755 \u0130stanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Yeditepe University, Ata\u015fehir, 34755 \u0130stanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7553-4005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d6zge","family":"Ta\u015ftan \u00dclk\u00fc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Yeditepe University, Ata\u015fehir, 34755 \u0130stanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1700782","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1700782","article-title":"Production, Use, and Fate of All Plastics Ever Made","volume":"3","author":"Geyer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. 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