{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:45:30Z","timestamp":1785415530056,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03swz6y49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00x0ma614","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Federal District of Research Support Foundation"},{"name":"Vale S.A."},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05a99n355","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated the development of a perlite waste-based geopolymer for stabilizing iron ore tailings byproduct (IOTB) for geotechnical applications. Mixtures containing 70\/30 and 80\/20 proportions of byproduct and geopolymer were produced using perlite waste as the precursor and NaOH as the alkaline activator through the one-part method. Raw and geopolymer-stabilized IOTB, air-cured for 7, 14, and 28 days, were evaluated by ICP-OES, XRF, pH, geotechnical characterization, compaction, permeability, SEM, and consolidated drained triaxial tests under confining stresses ranging from 250 to 2000 kPa. The selected mixture presented a maximum dry density of 1.8 g\/cm3 and optimum moisture content of approximately 14%. XRD results indicated sodium aluminosilicate phases associated with geopolymerization, with mechanical characteristics comparable to feldspar-type structures, while the pH increased from 6.5 to 12.5. Triaxial tests indicated that elastoplastic behavior persisted regardless of the geopolymer addition; however, SEM images confirmed matrix\u2013particle bonding at grain contacts without significant pore filling. The cohesive intercept increased from 0 kPa in the IOTB to 89.1 kPa and 179.2 kPa after 14 and 28 days of curing, respectively, while the friction angle showed a slight increase of up to 7.7%. Deviatoric stress at failure and energy absorption capacity also increased with curing time. Hydraulically, the permeability coefficient remained within the same order of magnitude (10\u22124 cm\/s), varying from raw IOTB of 2.73 \u00d7 10\u22124 cm\/s to 3.28 \u00d7 10\u22124 cm\/s after 28 days. These results demonstrated that geopolymer stabilization enhanced mechanical performance without compromising drainage capacity, representing a technically viable and socio-environmentally sustainable solution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym18080914","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T08:56:07Z","timestamp":1775724967000},"page":"914","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Geopolymer-Based Solution for the Stabilization of Iron Ore Tailings Byproduct"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7984-3056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriella Melo de Deus","family":"Vieira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto Aguiar dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matheus Navarra Satuf","family":"Muniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vale S.A., Nova Lima 34006-049, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1tila Geraldo Rochido dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vale S.A., Nova Lima 34006-049, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9675-9884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Wilson dos Santos","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4740-0891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mich\u00e9le Dal To\u00e9","family":"Casagrande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2024, October 18). 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