{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T09:16:39Z","timestamp":1776158199489,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study was carried out to investigate the antimicrobial performance and color stability of silver (Ag)-modified polyurethane and waterborne coating systems applied to Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) wood after the specimens were subjected to UV aging for 24 h. Antimicrobial activity and color stability were evaluated before and after aging against Escherichia coli (E. coli, ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, NCTC 13552), and Candida albicans (C. albicans) in accordance with the JIS Z 2801 standard. Color changes were determined using CIELab parameters (\u0394L*, \u0394a*, \u0394b*, and \u0394E*) in accordance with the TS EN ISO 16474-3 standard. Prior to UV exposure, the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli occurred in Ag-modified waterborne varnish coatings, whereas the highest antifungal activity against C. albicans occurred in Ag-modified polyurethane paint systems. After UV aging, antimicrobial performance varied depending on the coating type. Particularly, Ag-modified waterborne varnish coatings retained significant antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus and exhibited the highest antifungal performance against C. albicans. Color analysis revealed that UV exposure also caused significant changes in all coating systems. The most pronounced variations were observed for the lightness difference (\u0394L*), red\u2013green color difference (\u0394a*), and yellow\u2013blue color difference (\u0394b*) parameters, while the lowest total color difference (\u0394E*) values were observed for Ag-modified polyurethane and Ag-modified waterborne varnish coatings. Overall, Ag-modified waterborne varnish systems demonstrated superior performance in both antimicrobial activity and color stability after UV aging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym18080937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T13:12:26Z","timestamp":1776085946000},"page":"937","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of UV Aging on Antimicrobial Performance and Color Stability of Hygienic Additive-Modified Polyurethane and Waterborne Coatings Applied to Oriental Beech (Fagus orientalis L.)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0900-6671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hac\u0131 \u0130smail","family":"Kesik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wood Products Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Gazi University, 06560 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6193-9236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Recep","family":"Aykan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forestry Department, Ayanc\u0131k Vocational School, Sinop University, 57000 Sinop, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5977-7621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Perihan","family":"Akba\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services Samsun, Ondokuz May\u0131s University, 55270 Samsun, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.3832\/ifor2380-010","article-title":"Wood modification technologies\u2014A review","volume":"10","author":"Sandberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"iForest"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Brashaw, B., and Bergman, R. 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