{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T16:25:34Z","timestamp":1789835134702,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZCLQZQN26B0701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZCLQZQN26B0701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["ZCLQZQN26B0701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZCLQZQN26B0701"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04aqat463","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To address the trade-off between storage stability and curing reactivity in NCO-terminated waterborne polyurethane (WPU) systems, a solvent-free WPU emulsion with dual-curing characteristics was developed using vanillin (VAN) and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate\/pentaerythritol triacrylate (HEA\/PETA). Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)butyric acid (DMBA) were used as the isocyanate component and internal hydrophilic moiety, respectively, to prepare a self-dispersible polyurethane prepolymer. VAN was introduced as a latent isocyanate-related component, while HEA\/PETA served as acrylate-bearing reactive modifiers, followed by self-emulsification to form a stable aqueous dispersion. The prepolymer structure, curing behavior, and adhesive performance on bamboo substrates were systematically investigated. The results supported the successful introduction of VAN-derived structures into the polyurethane chains and the retention of polymerizable C=C bonds from HEA\/PETA. Thermal analysis suggested dual-curing behavior with two distinguishable thermal events, involving lower-temperature polymerization of unsaturated groups and a VAN-related higher-temperature reaction. The resulting WPU exhibited dry and wet shear strengths above 23 MPa and 9 MPa, respectively. These findings demonstrate a feasible strategy for integrating emulsion stability, staged curing, and adhesive performance in solvent-free WPU systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym18080975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T10:11:04Z","timestamp":1776420664000},"page":"975","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Solvent-Free Dual-Curable Waterborne Polyurethane Adhesives Based on Vanillin and Acrylate Monomers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Weiling","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Synthesis and Conversion, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science and Engineering for Catalysts, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China"},{"name":"College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9978-2350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hengyuan","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Can","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Synthesis and Conversion, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science and Engineering for Catalysts, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1002\/pi.5665","article-title":"Polyurethanes for Coatings and Adhesives\u2013Chemistry and Applications","volume":"68","author":"Golling","year":"2019","journal-title":"Polym. 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