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This study aimed to develop and characterize a 3D-printed polymeric\u2013hydroxyapatite composite interference screw with an osteoinductive surface to enhance localized osteogenic responses. Screws were designed, modeled, and fabricated using fused deposition modeling 3D printing with a polycaprolactone-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-hydroxyapatite composite. Physico-chemical characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy. Biocompatibility was assessed through mesenchymal stem cell metabolic activity assays and morphological analysis. Osteogenic gene expression was quantified by RT-qPCR following culture in osteogenic differentiation medium. In vivo osseointegration was evaluated histologically at five and nine weeks following implantation in the proximal tibial epiphysis of a rat model. 3D printing successfully produced screws with consistent geometry and surface characteristics. The composite material supported robust mesenchymal stem cell proliferation without cytotoxicity or morphological abnormalities. Histological examination revealed progressive bone formation with no adverse tissue reactions, including the absence of cyst formation, osteolysis, or excessive fibrosis. RT-qPCR revealed upregulation of osteogenic markers in those enhanced screws. These results indicate that the 3D-printed polymeric\u2013hydroxyapatite composite screws are biocompatible and capable of stimulating localized osteogenic activity, supporting their potential as a biological foundation for future evaluation in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym18101239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T11:53:10Z","timestamp":1779191590000},"page":"1239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Osteoinductive and Biocompatibility Assessment of a 3D-Printed Polymeric\u2013Hydroxyapatite Composite Interference Screw"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9665-9779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rana","family":"Smaida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) UMR1260, Nanom\u00e9dicine R\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9rative, 1 Rue Eug\u00e8ne Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, Facult\u00e9 de Chirurgie Dentaire, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9372-9127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louis-Paul","family":"Maugard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) UMR1260, Nanom\u00e9dicine R\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9rative, 1 Rue Eug\u00e8ne Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, Facult\u00e9 de Chirurgie Dentaire, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herv\u00e9","family":"Gegout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) UMR1260, Nanom\u00e9dicine R\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9rative, 1 Rue Eug\u00e8ne Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, Facult\u00e9 de Chirurgie Dentaire, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3165-0156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Arruebo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Arag\u00f3n (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Campus R\u00edo Ebro-Edificio I + D, C\/Poeta Mariano Esquillor S\/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2433-5070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florence","family":"Fioretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) UMR1260, Nanom\u00e9dicine R\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9rative, 1 Rue Eug\u00e8ne Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, Facult\u00e9 de Chirurgie Dentaire, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Benkirane-Jessel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) UMR1260, Nanom\u00e9dicine R\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9rative, 1 Rue Eug\u00e8ne Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, Facult\u00e9 de Chirurgie Dentaire, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henri","family":"Favreau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) UMR1260, Nanom\u00e9dicine R\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9rative, 1 Rue Eug\u00e8ne Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, Facult\u00e9 de Chirurgie Dentaire, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Komnos, G.A., Hantes, M.H., Kalifis, G., Gkekas, N.K., Hante, A., and Menetrey, J. 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