{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T17:05:38Z","timestamp":1787677538385,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012131","name":"Joint Program of the Science and Technology Plan of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025-MSLH-353"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-MSLH-353"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012131","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012131","name":"Joint Program of the Science and Technology Plan of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025JH2\/101800137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JH2\/101800137"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012131","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2025-MSLH-353"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-MSLH-353"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02f09cx53","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2025JH2\/101800137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JH2\/101800137"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02f09cx53","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hubei Provincial Department of Education Youth Talent Program"},{"name":"Shiyan City Guided Scientific Research Program","award":["25Y40"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25Y40"]}]},{"name":"School-level Scientific Research Program of Hanjiang Normal University","award":["XJ2025A07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XJ2025A07"]}]},{"award":["XJ2025A07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XJ2025A07"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02caqw325","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Joint Program of the Science and Technology Plan of Liaoning Province"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Heavy oil production and transportation are often restricted by high viscosity, poor mobility, and unfavorable low-temperature flow behavior, especially in waxy systems. While conventional polymer-based additives improve flow, they suffer from inadequate thermal stability, poor dispersibility in complex crude oil matrices, and insufficient multifunctionality. To address these issues, a nano-SiO2-based organic-inorganic hybrid flow improver, denoted as NSDA, was synthesized via in situ free-radical copolymerization of styrene, docosyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, and acrylamide on 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (KH-570)-modified silica surfaces. Characterization revealed that this core-shell nanohybrid structure significantly improved thermal stability and oil-phase dispersibility, maintaining nanoscale dispersion in xylene. A remarkable viscosity reduction rate of 90.2% was achieved, accompanied by a substantial pour point depression of 11 \u00b0C using only 0.5 wt% of NSDA in Liaohe heavy oil. This dual-functional performance is mainly attributed to the combined effects of the robust nano-SiO2 core and the multifunctional polymer shell, Specifically, the performance is driven by synergistic wax crystal regulation at low temperatures, alongside weakened intermolecular associations among polar heavy components and nanoparticle-assisted dispersion that govern viscosity reduction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym18111295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T11:57:44Z","timestamp":1779710264000},"page":"1295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Nano-SiO2-Based Core-Shell Hybrid as a Dual-Functional Viscosity Reducer and Pour Point Depressant for Heavy Oil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3264-7815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Borui","family":"Ji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy and Petroleum Industry, Kazakh-British Technical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan"},{"name":"Liaoning Inspection, Examination & Certification Centre, Key Laboratory of Testing and Quality Control for Petroleum Products, State Administration for Market Regulation, Shenyang 110032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaoning Inspection, Examination & Certification Centre, Key Laboratory of Testing and Quality Control for Petroleum Products, State Administration for Market Regulation, Shenyang 110032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8145-0542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bauyrzhan","family":"Sarsenbekuly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy and Petroleum Industry, Kazakh-British Technical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9245-1880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhen","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy and Petroleum Industry, Kazakh-British Technical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijie","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy and Petroleum Industry, Kazakh-British Technical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5196-6081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanli","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy and Petroleum Industry, Kazakh-British Technical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiyu","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaoning Inspection, Examination & Certification Centre, Key Laboratory of Testing and Quality Control for Petroleum Products, State Administration for Market Regulation, Shenyang 110032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2076-2363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongbin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2424-8639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shiyan Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Eco-Environmental Protection, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hanjiang Normal University, Shiyan 442000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.petrol.2021.108641","article-title":"Effect of enhanced oil recovery on the composition and rheological properties of heavy crude oil","volume":"203","author":"Strelets","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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