{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T05:06:16Z","timestamp":1780549576615,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20230127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20230127"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Central Finance Forestry Science and Technology Promotion and Demonstration Projec","award":["S[2024]TG12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S[2024]TG12"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lignin, the second most abundant polymer, remains largely underutilized, with nearly 90% of industrial lignin being combusted for energy due to its low phenolic hydroxyl content and structural heterogeneity of conventional extraction methods. The present study proposes a synergistic extraction method integrating sequential hydrothermal and twin-screw extrusion pretreatment followed by aqueous ethanol organosolv extraction. Three pretreatment strategies\u2014hydrothermal pretreatment, twin-screw extrusion pretreatment, and sequential hydrothermal and twin-screw extrusion pretreatment\u2014were compared. The sequential pretreatment exhibited the most favorable performance. Upon organosolv extraction, a lignin extraction rate of 67.9% was achieved, representing a 20.8% increase over that of the raw material. Extensive \u03b2-O-4\u2032 bond cleavage during the integrated process liberated phenolic hydroxyl groups. This elevated the total phenolic hydroxyl content to 3.43 mmol\u00b7g\u22121, representing a 63.3% increase relative to lignin derived from raw material. Concurrently, this bond cleavage yielded lignin with a narrower molecular weight distribution, indicating enhanced structural homogeneity. Additionally, cellulose retention after lignin extraction reached 88.9%. Mass-balance calculations indicated that 1000 g of raw material yielded 82.5 g of xylose and xylooligosaccharides, 148.2 g of highly active lignin, and cellulose-enriched solid residues, thereby facilitating the comprehensive utilization of the three primary components of lignocellulosic biomass.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym18111297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T11:57:44Z","timestamp":1779710264000},"page":"1297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Synergistic Enhancement of Phenolic Hydroxyl Content in Lignin via Sequential Hydrothermal and Twin-Screw Extrusion Pretreatment Followed by Aqueous Ethanol Organosolv Extraction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Fangmin","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resource, Nanjing Forestry University, Key Lab. of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass, Nanjing 210042, China"},{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Pulp Papermaking, Shandong Huatai Paper Co., Ltd., Dongying 257335, China"},{"name":"Shandong Yellow Triangle Biotechnology Industry Research Institute Co., Ltd., Dongying 257335, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Key Lab of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory for 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Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resource, Nanjing Forestry University, Key Lab. of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass, Nanjing 210042, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongjun","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resource, Nanjing Forestry University, Key Lab. of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry 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