{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T03:00:16Z","timestamp":1780887616727,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Methacrylate-based materials, widely used in dentistry, must possess high biocompatibility with oral cells and tissues. Currently, to improve the integration of orthodontic devices with the biological structures, laser-assisted polymer modification is actively employed. Importantly, functionalization is required only for the surface of the material that directly interacts with the oral tissues. This study presents approaches for laser modification of polymethacrylate materials and evaluates their influence on the proliferative activity of human spleen fibroblasts. Using laser radiation, two geometric patterns were obtained on the polymer surfaces. Cell morphology and proliferation on the experimental samples were assessed using scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the polymer with a groove-textured surface (pattern 1) promoted enhanced cell adhesion and reduced material toxicity. Additionally, the antibacterial properties of the polymers were evaluated. The sample with sparsely distributed surface craters (pattern 2) demonstrated an antifouling effect against Escherichia coli.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym18121425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T02:32:46Z","timestamp":1780885966000},"page":"1425","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Laser Surface Treatment of Polymethacrylate Materials for Biocompatibility Improvement"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3098-3224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann V.","family":"Gritsaeva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2708-2651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan A.","family":"Popov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6049-5602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitriy A.","family":"Serov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4898-4662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan A.","family":"Novikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 119021 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasiia V.","family":"Shabalina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8979-3833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitriy E.","family":"Burmistrov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alevtina G.","family":"Nesterova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Technology of Polymeric Composite Paints and Coatings, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8814-6906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergey V.","family":"Gudkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3291-4395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valery A.","family":"Kozlov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Fundamental Sciences, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 5 2nd Baumanskaya St., 105005 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alqutaibi, A.Y., Baik, A., Almuzaini, S.A., Farghal, A.E., Alnazzawi, A.A., Borzangy, S., Aboalrejal, A.N., AbdElaziz, M.H., Mahmoud, I.I., and Zafar, M.S. (2023). Polymeric denture base materials: A review. Polymers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15153258"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rudenko, Y.G., Bazhanov, D.A., Khasbiullin, R.R., Shapagin, A.V., Fedyakova, N.V., Bermeshev, M.V., and Chapala, P.P. (2026). UV curable urethane acrylates for 3D printing: The role of functionality and chemical structure in tuning viscosity, reactivity and mechanical properties. Prog. Addit. Manuf., 1\u201317.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40964-026-01741-5"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e07264","DOI":"10.1002\/slct.202507264","article-title":"Exploring the Reactivity of Amines with Cyclic Carbonates for Tailored Urethandiol Synthesis","volume":"11","author":"Chapala","year":"2026","journal-title":"ChemistrySelect"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1134\/S1560090426600385","article-title":"Oligourethane Urea Methacrylates Based on tert-Butylaminoethylmethacrylate for Photopolymer 3D Printing","volume":"68","author":"Rudenko","year":"2026","journal-title":"Polym. Sci. Ser. B"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(03)00349-4","article-title":"Cytotoxicity of denture base acrylic resins: A literature review","volume":"90","author":"Jorge","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Martian, V. (2025). Impact of the Polymerization Method on the Biocompatibility of Denture Base Resins in a 3D Tissue Engineered Human Oral Mucosa Model. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of G\u00f6ttingen]."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.4103\/1305-7456.172621","article-title":"Allergic effects of the residual monomer used in denture base acrylic resins","volume":"9","author":"Rashid","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(85)80005-1","article-title":"The loss of residual monomer from acrylic orthodontic resins","volume":"1","author":"Stafford","year":"1985","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2400398","DOI":"10.1002\/macp.202400398","article-title":"Investigation of the Light Intensity and Temperature Influences on Double Bond Conversion in Resins for Vat Photopolymerization via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy","volume":"226","author":"Rudenko","year":"2025","journal-title":"Macromol. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3109\/00016358109162267","article-title":"The cytotoxic effect of denture base polymers","volume":"39","author":"Wictorin","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Odontol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2703","DOI":"10.1007\/s40964-024-00778-8","article-title":"Thermal treatment influence on optical properties of 3D printed objects by vat photopolymerization","volume":"10","author":"Filimonova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prog. Addit. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vogler, E.A. (2013). Surface Modification for Biocompatibility. Engineered Biomimicry, Elsevier Inc.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-415995-2.00008-8"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2026.03.159","article-title":"Synthetic antimicrobial polymers in dentistry: Cationic and zwitterionic strategies for biofilm resistant","volume":"42","author":"Huang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.2174\/1389557521666210226151214","article-title":"Update on Acrylic Resins Used in Dentistry","volume":"21","author":"Raszewski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mini-Rev. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"131","article-title":"Surface functionalization of acrylic based photocrosslinkable resin for 3D printing applications","volume":"2","author":"Ronca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"ZC16","article-title":"Influence of Surface Modifications of Acrylic Resin Teeth on Shear Bond Strength with Denture Base Resin-An Invitro Study","volume":"9","author":"Mahadevan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Diagn. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-3057(86)90079-0","article-title":"Synthesis and chemical modification of poly(methyl methacrylate) resins","volume":"22","author":"Akelah","year":"1986","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9777","DOI":"10.1021\/am402903e","article-title":"Surface Chemical Modification of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) for the Enhanced Adhesion and Proliferation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells","volume":"5","author":"Kuddannaya","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2004.01344.x","article-title":"Surface roughness of acrylic resins submitted to mechanical and chemical polishing","volume":"31","author":"Rahal","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-849X.2007.00292.x","article-title":"Candida albicans Adherence to Surface-Modified Denture Resin Surfaces","volume":"17","author":"Park","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Prosthodont."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.109916","article-title":"In situ surface modification on dental composite resin using 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymer for controlling plaque formation","volume":"104","author":"Koyama","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shabalina, A.V., Kozlov, V.A., Popov, I.A., and Gudkov, S.V. (2024). A Review on Recently Developed Antibacterial Composites of Inorganic Nanoparticles and Non-Hydrogel Polymers for Biomedical Applications. Nanomaterials, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano14211753"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scarano, A., Lorusso, F., Orsini, T., Morra, M., Iviglia, G., and Valbonetti, L. (2019). Biomimetic Surfaces Coated with Covalently Immobilized Collagen Type I: An X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy, Micro-CT and Histomorphometrical Study in Rabbits. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20030724"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Auciello, O., Renou, S., Kang, K., Tasat, D., and Olmedo, D. (2022). A Biocompatible Ultrananocrystalline Diamond (UNCD) Coating for a New Generation of Dental Implants. Nanomaterials, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12050782"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3008","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.34630","article-title":"Study on the osteogenesis of rat mesenchymal stem cells and the long-term antibacterial activity of Staphylococcus epidermidis on the surface of silver-rich TiN\/Ag modified titanium alloy","volume":"108","author":"Wan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B Appl. Biomater."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2018.04.049","article-title":"Calcium phosphate coated 3D printed porous titanium with nanoscale surface modification for orthopedic and dental applications","volume":"151","author":"Bose","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12204","article-title":"Biocompatibility of a titanium dioxide-coating method for denture base acrylic resin","volume":"33","author":"Tsuji","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2013.05.002","article-title":"Surface modification of several dental substrates by non-thermal, atmospheric plasma brush","volume":"29","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.21-0090","article-title":"A chair-side plasma treatment system for rapidly enhancing the surface hydrophilicity of titanium dental implants in clinical operations","volume":"63","author":"Dong","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.34172\/joddd.41009","article-title":"Radiographic and histologic assessment of osseointegration for surface-treated titanium dental implants: An experimental study in dogs","volume":"18","author":"Abdulla","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res. Dent. Clin. Dent. Prospect."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S449","DOI":"10.1134\/S1070363225140014","article-title":"Ecology of Industrial Cities: Non-Standard Scientific and Technological Solutions for Environmental Monitoring, Neutralization, and Subsequent Advanced Processing of Industrial and Municipal Waste (A Review)","volume":"95","author":"Gudkov","year":"2025","journal-title":"Russ. J. Gen. Chem."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.4012\/dmj.2015-035","article-title":"Cold plasma-induced surface modification of heat-polymerized acrylic resin and prevention of early adherence of Candida albicans","volume":"34","author":"Pan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dent. Mater. J."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2021.106987","article-title":"Study on the surface properties and biocompatibility of nanosecond laser patterned titanium alloy","volume":"139","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Opt. Laser Technol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10014","DOI":"10.1051\/epjconf\/202430910014","article-title":"Femtosecond laser ablation of 3D-printed PCL Scaffolds as a strategy to enhance bone tissue regeneration efficacy","volume":"309","author":"Carnero","year":"2024","journal-title":"EPJ Web Conf."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, S., Zhang, M., Liu, L., Xu, R., Huang, Z., Shi, Z., Liu, J., Li, Z., Li, X., and Hao, P. (2022). Femtosecond laser treatment promotes the surface bioactivity and bone ingrowth of Ti6Al4V bone scaffolds. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.962483"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2019.06.155","article-title":"Laser Ablation of Polymers: A Review","volume":"34","author":"Lies","year":"2019","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3807\/JOSK.2008.12.1.038","article-title":"Laser Ablation of Polypropylene Films using Nanosecond, Picosecond, and Femtosecond Laser","volume":"12","author":"Sohn","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Korea"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4332(98)00276-1","article-title":"Picosecond and subpicosecond visible laser ablation of optically transparent polymers","volume":"135","author":"Serafetinides","year":"1998","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(03)00318-1","article-title":"Surface modifications induced by ns and sub-ps excimer laser pulses on titanium implant material","volume":"24","author":"Bereznai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.1021\/am100393e","article-title":"Surface Properties of Femtosecond Laser Ablated PMMA","volume":"2","author":"Eaton","year":"2010","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5602","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.19.005602","article-title":"Three-dimensional micro-\/nano-structuring via direct write polymerization with picosecond laser pulses","volume":"19","author":"Malinauskas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ortiz, R., Basnett, P., Roy, I., and Quintana, I. (2020). Picosecond Laser Ablation of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs): Comparative Study of Neat and Blended Material Response. Polymers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12010127"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfin.2025.107946","article-title":"Biocompatible hydrophilic polycarbonate surfaces via picosecond laser processing for improved cell adhesion","volume":"76","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Surf. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2008.11.019","article-title":"Polycarbonate surface cell\u2019s adhesion examination after Nd:YAG laser irradiation","volume":"29","author":"Mousavi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nxmate.2026.101705","article-title":"Topography over chemistry: Achieving tunable hydrophobicity on polymethyl methacrylate via ultraviolet picosecond and near-infrared nanosecond laser ablation","volume":"11","author":"Musinguzi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Next Mater."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1080\/00914037.2023.2282994","article-title":"Micro texturing and laser irradiation, two stimulus of growth and differentiation to neural like cell on the PMMA polymer","volume":"73","author":"Hashamdar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Polym. Mater. Polym. Biomater."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3985","DOI":"10.1557\/s43578-021-00273-8","article-title":"Influence of laser surface texturing on the wettability and antibacterial properties of metallic, ceramic, and polymeric surfaces","volume":"36","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Serov, D.A., Yanbaev, F.M., Burmistrov, D.E., Baimler, I.V., Liubimovskii, S.O., Kozlova, L.Y., Popov, I.A., Gritsaeva, A.V., Fomina, P.A., and Sizov, L.R. (2026). A Composite Based on L-Polylactide with Cu or CuO Nanoparticles: Physical Properties and Biological Activity. Polymers, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym18080976"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micron.2019.102687","article-title":"A rapid method of whole cell sample preparation for scanning electron microscopy using neodymium chloride","volume":"124","author":"Novikov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Micron"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, X., Tang, R., Li, D., Li, F., Chen, L., Zhu, D., Feng, G., Zhang, K., and Han, B. (2024). Investigations of the Laser Ablation Mechanism of PMMA Microchannels Using Single-Pass and Multi-Pass Laser Scans. Polymers, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16162361"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2020.09.065","article-title":"Laser texturing to control the wettability of materials","volume":"94","author":"Riveiro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mandracci, P., Mussano, F., Rivolo, P., and Carossa, S. (2016). Surface treatments and functional coatings for biocompatibility improvement and bacterial adhesion reduction in dental implantology. Coatings, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings6010007"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kravchik, M., Subbot, A., Bilyalov, A., Novikov, I., Deviatiiarov, R., Yusef, Y., and Gusev, O. (2024). Neodymium-Facilitated Visualization of Extreme Phosphate Accumulation in Fibroblast Filopodia: Implications for Intercellular and Cell\u2013Matrix Interactions. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252011076"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Subbot, A., Kondratieva, S., Novikov, I., Gogoleva, N., Kozlova, O., Chebotar, I., Gazizova, G., Ryabova, A., Vorontsova, M., and Kikawada, T. (2021). Life-on-hold: Lanthanoids rapidly induce a reversible ametabolic state in mammalian cells. Biology, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10070607"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2007.03.013","article-title":"Effect of wettability and surface functional groups on protein adsorption and cell adhesion using well-defined mixed self-assembled monolayers","volume":"28","author":"Arima","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s10404-007-0234-8","article-title":"Hydrophilicity modification of poly(methyl methacrylate) by excimer laser ablation and irradiation","volume":"5","author":"Qi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microfluid. Nanofluidics"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2010.04.001","article-title":"The interaction of cells and bacteria with surfaces structured at the nanometre scale","volume":"6","author":"Anselme","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2300753","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.202300753","article-title":"Laser-textured surfaces: A way to control biofilm formation?","volume":"18","author":"Schwibbert","year":"2024","journal-title":"Laser Photonics Rev."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-018-1234-7","article-title":"Bacterial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation on Textured Breast Implant Shell Materials","volume":"43","author":"James","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, S., Bawazir, M., Dhall, A., Kim, H.-E., He, L., Heo, J., and Hwang, G. (2021). Implication of Surface Properties, Bacterial Motility, and Hydrodynamic Conditions on Bacterial Surface Sensing and Their Initial Adhesion. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.643722"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1039\/C6BM00078A","article-title":"The impact of structure dimensions on initial bacterial adhesion","volume":"4","author":"Helbig","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1116\/1.2751405","article-title":"Impact of engineered surface microtopography on biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"2","author":"Chung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biointerphases"}],"container-title":["Polymers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/18\/12\/1425\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T02:51:23Z","timestamp":1780887083000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/18\/12\/1425"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["polym18121425"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym18121425","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]]}}}