{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T20:12:07Z","timestamp":1789589527107,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Additively manufactured cellular architectures frequently exhibit brittle failure under impact due to layer-induced stress concentrations. Through the programming of architectural and material design, specifically combining Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) lattice topology with hyperelastic polyurea infiltration, this study achieves active control over the macroscopic transition from catastrophic structural fragmentation to stable progressive collapse. To evaluate this, auxetic and honeycomb specimens printed with ABS and glass-fiber-reinforced polyamide (PA-GF) were evaluated in unreinforced and polyurea-infiltrated states under quasi-static compression, three-point bending, and Charpy impact loading. Results show that the compressive response depends primarily on cellular topology; the pure auxetic (A-A) configuration provided the highest stiffness and energy absorption. Polyurea infiltration did not significantly alter elastic stiffness but increased post-yield stability, leading to a 96.6% elastic recovery in PA-GF A-A structures. In flexure, the base polymer governed stiffness, with ABS structures measuring 68% stiffer than PA-GF. Unreinforced ABS achieved 34% higher specific energy absorption (SEA) than PA-GF under compression, with the A-H topology maximizing SEA. Under dynamic impact, PA-GF absorbed an average of 70% more energy than ABS, and the H-A configuration recorded the highest impact resistance. The addition of polyurea shifted the failure mode from brittle fragmentation to stable elastomeric deformation, increasing absorbed impact energy by 52% for ABS and over 30% for PA-GF, preventing catastrophic structural failure. Integrating topological sequencing with elastomeric confinement provides a direct method to control energy dissipation and damage tolerance in 3D-printed cellular composites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym18121466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T01:52:08Z","timestamp":1781229128000},"page":"1466","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Programming Failure Mode Transitions in Polyurea-Reinforced 3D-Printed ABS and PA-GF Cellular Metamaterial Composites"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Valle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Construction Multidisciplinary Research Group, Facultad de Arquitectura, Construcci\u00f3n y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chile, Talca 3460000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0009-1665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad del B\u00edo-B\u00edo, Concepci\u00f3n 4081112, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2808-0415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edctor","family":"Tuninetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymertesting.2024.108364","article-title":"Additive manufacturing in polymer research: Advances, synthesis, and applications","volume":"132","author":"Islam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Polym. 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