{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T09:49:01Z","timestamp":1782899341297,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>During the 9th NASA MISSE (Materials International Space Station Experiment) campaign, a multilayer LDPE-based shield was tested in a low Earth orbit (LEO) environment aboard the International Space Station for the first time, in the wake-facing orientation. The architecture of the multilayer flight sample, 1 inch in diameter, consisted of two external LDPE sheets and two inner layers filled with boron nitride and samarium\u2013cobalt powders. The inner layers were manufactured using an original process based on compression molding of two superimposed LDPE sheets, with the functional filler deposited onto one of them by spray coating. Thanks to the partial filling of the inner layers and their relative positioning, four different shielding configurations were obtained. The sample was exposed to the space environment for approximately 200 days, experiencing the combined effects of vacuum, solar radiation, thermal cycling, and limited atomic oxygen exposure. The results show that the structural integrity of the shield was not affected by its prolonged residence in LEO. The most significant effect observed was the partial oxidation of the external surfaces of the individual layers, particularly the uppermost layer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym18131634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T08:19:02Z","timestamp":1782893942000},"page":"1634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Manufacturing of LDPE-Based Shields and Exposure in LEO Environment in the MISSE9 Campaign"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5588-8738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denise","family":"Bellisario","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Space Sustainability Center, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4880-0421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Proietti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Space Sustainability Center, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4849-5562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leandro","family":"Iorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Space Sustainability Center, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Engineering and Science, University of Mercatorum, Piazza Mattei, 10, 00186 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1005-6716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Quadrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Space Sustainability Center, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3340-491X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loredana","family":"Santo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Space Sustainability Center, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.24191\/jmeche.v20i1.21081","article-title":"Shielding Cosmic Ray Muon using Copper and Aluminium Sheets Composited with Polyethylene Sheets for a Better Protection","volume":"20","author":"Gaaz","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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