{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T21:25:04Z","timestamp":1789593904737,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004607","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2026GXNSFAA00641165"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026GXNSFAA00641165"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004607","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangxi Natural Science Foundation Joint Special Fund Project","award":["2025GXNSFHA069111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025GXNSFHA069111"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Natural Science Foundation Joint Special Fund Project","award":["2026GXNSFHA00640094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026GXNSFHA00640094"]}]},{"award":["2025GXNSFHA069111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025GXNSFHA069111"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/000prga03","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2026GXNSFHA00640094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026GXNSFHA00640094"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/000prga03","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014969","name":"Guilin Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31304018013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31304018013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014969","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["31304018013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31304018013"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/000prga03","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangxi Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates","award":["S202510601193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S202510601193"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To address the challenges associated with prolonged inflammatory phases and delayed healing in clinically infected wounds, this research developed a multifunctional PB@GC@OD hydrogel integrating self-healing properties, injectability, and photothermal antibacterial efficacy. The hydrogel was constructed using oxidized dextran (OD) and glycol chitosan (GC) as the matrix, which were dynamically cross-linked via a Schiff-base reaction to form the GC@OD hydrogel. Subsequently, the photothermal agent prussian blue (PB) was incorporated to fabricate the PB@GC@OD hydrogel. The resulting PB@GC@OD hydrogel demonstrated robust self-healing capabilities and excellent injectability. Upon exposure to 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, the hydrogel achieved efficient photothermal conversion, rapidly inducing localized hyperthermia that effectively eliminated Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In a mouse model of MRSA-infected wounds, the hydrogel not only maintained a moist wound microenvironment but also eradicated pathogenic bacteria via photothermal therapy, thereby significantly accelerating the healing process. Moreover, the hydrogel demonstrated favorable biocompatibility and long-term safety. Therefore, the PB@GC@OD hydrogel integrates photothermal sterilization, self-healing, injectability, hemostasis, and biocompatibility into a single platform, presenting a promising strategy for synergistic therapy and tissue regeneration in bacterially infected wounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym18141688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T08:50:56Z","timestamp":1783587056000},"page":"1688","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Multifunctional Prussian-Blue-Based Hydrogel for Photothermal Antibacterial and Infected Wound Regeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Shiqi","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minzhen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiteng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China"},{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligent Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhicheng","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyun","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peiyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China"},{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligent Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunqi","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligent Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Can","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China"},{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangyu","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China"},{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligent Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Guilin Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin 541199, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200014","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.202200014","article-title":"An overview on the recent advances in the treatment of infected wounds: Antibacterial wound dressings","volume":"22","author":"Mirhaj","year":"2022","journal-title":"Macromol. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2023.05.025","article-title":"Ultra-stretchable, tissue-adhesive, shape-adaptive, self-healing, on-demand removable hydrogel dressings with multiple functions for infected wound healing in regions of high mobility","volume":"166","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Batarfi, W.A., Mohd Yunus, M.H., and Hamid, A.A. (2023). The Effect of Hydroxytyrosol in Type II Epithelial-Mesenchymal transition in human skin wound healing. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28062652"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2026.103469","article-title":"The function and clinical application potential of stem cell-derived exosomes in skin wound healing: A review of recent research advances","volume":"101","author":"Zhou","year":"2026","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.01.013","article-title":"Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells: A promising cell-free therapeutic tool for cutaneous wound healing","volume":"209","author":"Zakeri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choudhary, V., Choudhary, M., and Bollag, W.B. (2024). Exploring skin wound healing models and the impact of natural lipids on the healing process. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25073790"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-92785-0_5","article-title":"Apoptosis and Cell Clearance in Skin Wound Healing","volume":"1481","author":"Maschalidi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabn7006","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abn7006","article-title":"ECM-mimetic immunomodulatory hydrogel for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus-infected chronic skin wound healing","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"3706315","article-title":"Skin acute wound healing: A comprehensive review","volume":"1","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cioce, A., Cavani, A., Cattani, C., and Scopelliti, F. (2024). Role of the skin immune system in wound healing. Cells, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13070624"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-025-10932-2","article-title":"Vascular leakage and angiogenesis in wound healing: A review","volume":"52","author":"Wichaiyo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Das, S., and Baker, A.B. (2016). Biomaterials and nanotherapeutics for enhancing skin wound healing. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2016.00082"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2025.137923","article-title":"Multifunctional gold nanoclusters with red fluorescence as nanoantibiotics for imaging-guided infected wound healing","volume":"697","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35458","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.35458","article-title":"Promoting the healing of infected diabetic wound by nanozyme-containing hydrogel with anti-bacterial inflammation suppressing, ROS-scavenging and oxygen-generating properties","volume":"112","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. B Appl. Biomater."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-024-01035-z","article-title":"The wound microbiota: Microbial mechanisms of impaired wound healing and infection","volume":"22","author":"Uberoi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2024.124575","article-title":"Gelatin\/Dopamine\/Zinc-Doped Ceria\/Curcumin nanocomposite hydrogels for repair of chronic refractory wounds","volume":"663","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e04383","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202504383","article-title":"Silver Nanoparticles and Houttuynin Sodium-Based Fibrous Poly (L-lactide-co-glycolide)\/Gelatin-Based Dressings for Infectious Wound Healing","volume":"21","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.02.041","article-title":"Injectable thermo-sensitive and wide-crack self-healing hydrogel loaded with antibacterial anti-inflammatory dipotassium glycyrrhizate for full-thickness skin wound repair","volume":"143","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"CD010259","article-title":"Early versus delayed dressing removal after primary closure of clean and clean-contaminated surgical wounds","volume":"9","author":"Toon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.14715\/cmb\/2023.69.11.19","article-title":"The application of nano-hydrogels and hydrogels in wound dressings","volume":"69","author":"Ghorbani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9082","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.4c00451","article-title":"Turning polysaccharides into injectable and rapid self-healing antibacterial hydrogels for antibacterial treatment and bacterial-infected wound healing","volume":"40","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100475","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.202100475","article-title":"Progress in hydrogels for skin wound repair","volume":"22","author":"Qi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Macromol. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arabpour, Z., Abedi, F., Salehi, M., Baharnoori, S.M., Soleimani, M., and Djalilian, A.R. (2024). Hydrogel-based skin regeneration. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25041982"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3972","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.3c00269","article-title":"Fibrin\u2013dextran hydrogels with tunable porosity and mechanical properties","volume":"24","author":"Jung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1039\/D3SM01365K","article-title":"Structuring gelatin methacryloyl\u2013dextran hydrogels and microgels under shear","volume":"20","author":"Messaoud","year":"2024","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2025.124068","article-title":"NIR-responsive dextran\/poly (lactide) hydrogels: Characterization of cleavable hydrogels and photoactivated release of proteins","volume":"368","author":"Guerreiro","year":"2025","journal-title":"Carbohyd Polym."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2302078","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202302078","article-title":"Photo-cross-linkable, injectable, and highly adhesive GelMA-glycol chitosan hydrogels for cartilage repair","volume":"12","author":"Paul","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sahiner, M., Yilmaz, A.S., Ayyala, R.S., and Sahiner, N. (2023). Biocompatible glycol chitosan microgels as effective drug carriers. Gels, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9050398"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.131642","article-title":"Antioxidant and antibacterial hydrogel formed by protocatechualdehyde\u2013ferric iron complex and aminopolysaccharide for infected wound healing","volume":"268","author":"Deng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.148757","article-title":"Injectable glycol chitosan hydrogel system for sustained drug delivery to treat neuropathic pain","volume":"333","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103303","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202103303","article-title":"Bacteria-triggered multifunctional hydrogel for localized chemodynamic and low-temperature photothermal sterilization","volume":"17","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.11.047","article-title":"Photo-controlled multifunctional hydrogel for photothermal sterilization and microenvironment amelioration of infected diabetic wounds","volume":"377","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2403160","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202403160","article-title":"Carbon dots with integrated photothermal antibacterial and heat-enhanced antioxidant properties for diabetic wound healing","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, B., Xu, Y., Shao, D., Li, L., Ma, Y., Li, Y., Zhu, J., Shi, X., and Li, W. (2022). Inorganic nanomaterials for intelligent photothermal antibacterial applications. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.1047598"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2023.09.035","article-title":"Photothermal antibacterial materials to promote wound healing","volume":"363","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7750","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.4c01023","article-title":"Adhesive, stretchable, and photothermal antibacterial hydrogel dressings for wound healing of infected skin burn at joints","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2026.214887","article-title":"pH-gated dual-modal switch photothermal cascade nanozyme hydrogel for diabetic infectious wound healing","volume":"185","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biomater. Adv."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2020.111596","article-title":"Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Prussian blue nanozyme promotes full-thickness skin wound healing","volume":"119","author":"Sahu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-026-04550-5","article-title":"Curcumin-functionalized Prussian blue for NIR-II photothermal antibacterial therapy","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Discov. Nano"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2406145","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202406145","article-title":"Borrow Strength to Exert: Low-Crystallinity Prussian Blue for Reduction Overload Enhanced Photothermal Therapy","volume":"21","author":"Yao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gunatilake, U.B., P\u00e9rez-L\u00f3pez, B., Urpi, M., Prat-Trunas, J., Carrera-Cardona, G., F\u00e9lix, G., Sene, S., Beaudhuin, M., Dupin, J.C., and Allouche, J. (2024). Peroxidase (POD) mimicking activity of different types of poly (ethyleneimine)-mediated prussian blue nanoparticles. Nanomaterials, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano15010041"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2025.115298","article-title":"A multifunctional nanosystem based on sodium nitroprusside\/copper co-doped dopamine-coated Prussian blue nanoparticles with enhanced photothermal capability for combined cancer therapy","volume":"259","author":"Liao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2655","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm-2020-0191","article-title":"Biosafety and biocompatibility assessment of Prussian blue nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"11507\u221211519","article-title":"Biodegradable and Cytocompatible Hydrogel Coating with Antibacterial Activity for the Prevention of ImplantAssociated Infection","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, P., Zhang, Z., Gong, D., Luo, H., Yu, H., Li, X., Lei, K., Quan, C., Xue, Y., and Guan, L. (2025). Multifunctional Prussian-Blue-Based Nanocomposite Hydrogel for Infected Wound Regeneration. Gels, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/gels11110895"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.123256","article-title":"A Schiff base hydrogel dressing loading extracts from Periplaneta Americana for diabetic wound healing","volume":"230","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, Y., Wu, W., Lei, Y., Gaucher, C., Pei, S., Zhang, J., and Xia, X. (2019). Edaravone-loaded alginate-based nanocomposite hydrogel accelerated chronic wound healing in diabetic mice. Mar. Drugs, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/md17050285"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901502","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201901502","article-title":"Advances and impact of antioxidant hydrogel in chronic wound healing","volume":"9","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6411","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b00959","article-title":"Sericin\/dextran injectable hydrogel as an optically trackable drug delivery system for malignant melanoma treatment","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"}],"container-title":["Polymers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/18\/14\/1688\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T09:02:22Z","timestamp":1783587742000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/18\/14\/1688"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["polym18141688"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym18141688","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]}}}