{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T13:58:28Z","timestamp":1785419908328,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development, and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia","award":["451-03-33\/2026-03\/200105]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-33\/2026-03\/200105]"]}]},{"award":["451-03-33\/2026-03\/200105]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-33\/2026-03\/200105]"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01znas443","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rigid polyurethane foam was evaluated as a filler material for a tubular railway vehicle energy absorber. Cubic samples cut from a cylindrical PU foam sample with a density of 175 kg\/m3 were tested under quasi-static uniaxial compression to determine the material\u2019s compressive response and provide input data for finite element modelling. The experimental results showed a non-linear stress\u2013strain response typical of cellular foams, while samples from the central region of the cylinder exhibited a lower stress response than those from the outer region. An Ogden foam material model was calibrated in Ansys using compression data obtained by experimental tests and then applied to numerical models of three absorber configurations: an empty steel tube, a fully foam-filled steel tube, and a foam-filled tube with an additional concentric steel core. The simulations compared the force\u2013stroke response and absorbed energy of each configuration under quasi-static axial loading through a conical bushing. Over a 60 mm stroke, compared to the empty tube, the fully foam-filled tube absorbed an additional 16% energy and the concentric-core configuration absorbed an additional 9.5%. These results indicate that rigid PU foam filling can improve the quasi-static energy absorption capacity of tubular railway collision absorbers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym18141729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T01:05:58Z","timestamp":1784077558000},"page":"1729","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Experimental and Numerical Characterization of Rigid Polyurethane Foam for Kinetic Collision Absorption Systems\u2014Ogden Material Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2847-5000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francis","family":"Franklin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Will","family":"Nightingale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2936-5535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jovan","family":"Tanaskovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1156-0703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zorana","family":"Golubovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2024). 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Res."}],"container-title":["Polymers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/18\/14\/1729\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T01:11:58Z","timestamp":1784077918000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/18\/14\/1729"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["polym18141729"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym18141729","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]}}}