{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T09:24:52Z","timestamp":1787736292483,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":151,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is one of the most widely used polymeric biomaterials in prosthodontics and digital dentistry because of their clinical reliability and compatibility with computer-aided design\/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD\/CAM). Its widespread use raises questions regarding material consumption, manufacturing waste, recyclability, and circularity. A critical narrative review supported by a structured literature search was conducted. PubMed, Scilit, OpenAlex, and ScienceDirect were searched for English-language literature published from January 2000 to June 2026. Targeted Google Scholar searches, cross-referencing, standards, and official technical sources supplemented the search. Evidence was organized according to its directness to dental PMMA and synthesized thematically. Prepolymerized CAD\/CAM PMMA provides consistent material quality and generally improved mechanical performance compared with conventionally processed PMMA; however, subtractive manufacturing generates disc remnants, milling particles, and polishing residues. Mechanical recycling and depolymerization demonstrate technical recovery potential, although evidence specific to heterogeneous dental waste streams, environmental performance, and clinical-grade reuse remains limited. Technical recyclability should not be automatically equated with a viable circular economy or a net environmental benefit. Future research should quantify dental PMMA waste, establish effective collection and recovery pathways, and integrate life-cycle assessments with clinical performance and safety standards.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym18172071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T09:05:46Z","timestamp":1787735146000},"page":"2071","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Life-Cycle Performance of Poly(methyl methacrylate) in Digital Dentistry: A Critical Review of Material Efficiency, Waste Generation, and Circularity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5965-893X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia Florina","family":"Bogdan-Andreescu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speciality Disciplines, Faculty of Dental Medicine, \u201cTitu Maiorescu\u201d University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreea-Mariana","family":"B\u0103n\u0103\u021beanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speciality Disciplines, Faculty of Dental Medicine, \u201cTitu Maiorescu\u201d University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Chelu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speciality Disciplines, Faculty of Dental Medicine, \u201cTitu Maiorescu\u201d University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Ion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivyiana","family":"Paraschiv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speciality Disciplines, Faculty of Dental Medicine, \u201cTitu Maiorescu\u201d University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0218tefan-Dimitrie","family":"Albu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4555-1364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan Alexandru","family":"Sl\u0103vescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela Victoria","family":"Chivu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speciality Disciplines, Faculty of Dental Medicine, \u201cTitu Maiorescu\u201d University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorin","family":"Alexe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speciality Disciplines, Faculty of Dental Medicine, \u201cTitu Maiorescu\u201d University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenia Diana","family":"R\u0103dulescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speciality Disciplines, Faculty of Dental Medicine, \u201cTitu Maiorescu\u201d University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Health Care Without Harm, and Arup (2019). 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