{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T15:15:48Z","timestamp":1788362148429,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan","award":["115-2314-B-087-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["115-2314-B-087-001"]}]},{"name":"Division of Research Planning and Development, Department of Research and Development, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare","award":["PTH115045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTH115045"]}]},{"name":"Division of Research Planning and Development, Department of Research and Development, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare","award":["PTH115046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTH115046"]}]},{"name":"Division of Research Planning and Development, Department of Research and Development, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare","award":["PTH115047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTH115047"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dental resin composites are widely used for direct restorations, yet their longevity remains limited by biofilm accumulation and secondary caries at the tooth\u2013restoration interface. Unlike previous reviews that have primarily organized antibacterial dental materials according to antimicrobial agents or mechanisms, this narrative review evaluates antibacterial resin composites from a polymer-composite design perspective, integrating molecular architecture, network immobilization, filler\u2013matrix interactions, polymerization, and aging. Leachable agents such as chlorhexidine provide early antibacterial effects but are constrained by reservoir depletion, water sorption, and release-related material changes. In contrast, covalently immobilized quaternary ammonium monomers provide sustained surface-associated activity without continuous release, although their performance depends on molecular structure, concentration, degree of conversion, and network properties. Antibacterial nanoparticles and bioactive glass fillers provide composition-dependent ion-mediated, photocatalytic, pH-modulating, and remineralizing effects, while their performance depends strongly on particle characteristics, dispersion, and formulation. Multifunctional systems further combine antibacterial activity with protein repellence, mineral protection, and rechargeable ion release. Overall, the evidence indicates that durable antibacterial performance cannot be considered independently of polymerization, mechanical integrity, aging stability, and biocompatibility. Future development should therefore prioritize clinically relevant multispecies biofilm models, standardized aging protocols, structure\u2013property analysis, and long-term in vivo and clinical validation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym18172147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T14:35:29Z","timestamp":1788359729000},"page":"2147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Polymer Composite Design Strategies for Antibacterial Resin-Based Dental Restorative Composites: Mechanisms, Structure\u2013Property Relationships, and Translational Challenges"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Chuan-Chi","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsu-I","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Chia","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuan-Wei","family":"Lung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8451-0280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I-Ta","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7168-9429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tzu-Yu","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie-Ru","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thi Thuy Tien","family":"Vo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0633-8913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yung-Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chien-Fu","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tseng Department of Dentistry, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No. 1492, Zhongshan Road, Taoyuan District, Taoyuan 33004, Taiwan"},{"name":"Research Center for Tooth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100229, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2010.10.020","article-title":"Resin composite\u2014State of the art","volume":"27","author":"Ferracane","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dent. 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