{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T05:11:00Z","timestamp":1788844260436,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program of the Beijing High Innovation Plan","award":["20250692"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20250692"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007937","name":"Peking University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007937","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02v51f717","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["PKU2026PKULCXQ013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PKU2026PKULCXQ013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study reports the development of an intelligent dual-layer wound dressing engineered to achieve active wound repair. The self-standing dressing integrates a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric electrospun membrane with a multifunctional hydrogel based on interfacial fusion. The PVDF layer converted mechanical energy derived from human body movement into electrical stimulation, which dramatically motivated the controlled release of diclofenac sodium (DFs) encapsulated in the hydrogel. The relatively small diameter fibers and network caused strong connection with the hydrogel and smooth transfer of electricity. When a positive potential of 1.5 V was applied, up to a 55 \u03bcg mL\u22121 cumulative amount of DFs was released, about five times higher than that only based on drug diffusion. This enhanced release rate resulted from the cooperation of accelerated drug migration under electrically driven and dynamic changes of the gel\u2019s microstructure, which was the result of reversible behavior of borate bonds within the hydrogel. Consequently, the hydrogel exhibited self-healing properties and a tensile strain of up to 600%, much higher than that of conventional hydrogels. Under mechanical motivation, the dressing exhibited enhanced DFs release ability, confirming the piezoelectric transition and controlled drug release abilities. Therefore, the present work offers an innovative solution for the intelligent management of chronic wounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym18172175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T09:23:37Z","timestamp":1788773017000},"page":"2175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Self-Driven Drug Release Dual-Layer Dressing Composed of Electrospun Membrane and Hydrogel with Dynamic Structure Based on Piezoelectricity Transformation and Electrical Responsiveness"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Qiaoling","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yanping","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Wenqian","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Fengzhu","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Gao","family":"Si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adepu, S., and Ramakrishna, S. 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