{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T05:02:37Z","timestamp":1789448557547,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"International Science & Technology Cooperation Project of Chengdu","award":["2021-GH03-00009-HZ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-GH03-00009-HZ"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004912","name":"Sichuan University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2020SCUNG203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020SCUNG203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004912","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["2020SCUNG203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020SCUNG203"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/011ashp19","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, flame-retardant (FR) PLA-based composites exhibiting both good flame retardancy and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding were fabricated through combining melt blending with fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing. Intumescent flame-retardant (IFR) fillers and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were incorporated to construct a synergistic system, and the resulting structure\u2013property relationships were systematically investigated. The optimal performance was achieved with 15 wt% IFR fillers and 3 wt% GNPs. The prepared composite exhibited a residual char yield of 14.3% at 700 \u00b0C, significantly higher than that of neat PLA. Regarding flame retardancy, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) increased to 32.5%, and the vertical burning level achieved a UL-94 V-0 rating. In the cone calorimetry test, both the peak heat release rate and total heat release were markedly reduced, attributed to the formation of a dense and stable char layer. For EMI shielding, the FR composite achieved a total shielding effectiveness (SET) of 20.6 dB in the X-band, with an absorption proportion exceeding 80%, indicating an absorption-dominated mechanism. Meanwhile, a well-established conductive network effectively enhanced the electromagnetic loss. Overall, the synergistic effect of IFR fillers and GNPs enabled simultaneous improvements in flame retardancy and EMI shielding in FR PLA-based composites, providing a feasible strategy for designing functional 3D-printed FR PLA-based materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym18182221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T08:10:23Z","timestamp":1789373423000},"page":"2221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["FDM 3D Printing of Flame-Retardant Polylactic-Acid-Based Composites with Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Performance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Zijie","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Qinniu","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Composite Materials, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Refractories, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2169-4673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yinghong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1108\/RPJ-01-2013-0012","article-title":"A review of melt extrusion additive manufacturing processes: I. 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