{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:57:52Z","timestamp":1790830672714,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32311530766, 32271422, W2431042, W2531040, W2531039, 32411540226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32311530766, 32271422, W2431042, W2531040, W2531039, 32411540226"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["32311530766, 32271422, W2431042, W2531040, W2531039, 32411540226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32311530766, 32271422, W2431042, W2531040, W2531039, 32411540226"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["2232025A-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2232025A-09"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007595","name":"Belarusian Republican Foundation for Fundamental Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["X24KI-066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["X24KI-066"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["X24KI-066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["X24KI-066"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00kxash64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23J21901400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23J21901400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Advanced Textiles","award":["25S10105, 24S10102, 23S10115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25S10105, 24S10102, 23S10115"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Disposable diapers are an essential component of infant and incontinent individual care, providing superior urine absorption. However, achieving a key goal for high-performance diapers is rapid urine penetration concurrent with surface self-drying. This assertion is substantiated by the prevalence of diaper dermatitis, which afflicts 29% of affected individuals. In this study, we designed rapid urine-penetrating, self-drying materials (RIPPING materials) by the synergy between the meshed pore hydrophobic top layer and superabsorbent middle layer. It is noteworthy that the meshed pores of the hydrophobic top layer facilitated expeditious urine absorption by the subjacent superabsorbent middle layer (0 g urine run-off). Furthermore, the urine would be retained on the surface of the diaper by the mesh, due to the material\u2019s inherent hydrophobic properties. Following the systematic optimization of the structure of RIPPING materials, superior self-drying diapers with a wetness of 0.06 \u00b1 0.01 g were achieved after urine absorption by preventing the direct contact between the skin and superabsorbent materials. The breathability of disposable diapers is attributed to the use of breathable materials, while its high-performance back layer exhibits efficacy in resisting hydrostatic pressure. Consequently, the present study proposes a high-performance RIPPING diaper that simultaneously achieves outstanding breathability without compromising leak resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym18192383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:33:12Z","timestamp":1790699592000},"page":"2383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Developing Rapid Urine-Penetrating, Self-Drying, and Breathable Materials for Disposal Diapers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Yuanduo","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengyao","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2163-7564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6411-5988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreii S.","family":"Kritchenkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Peoples\u2019 Friendship University of Russia, Moscow 117198, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Technical Acoustics NAS of Belarus, 210009 Vitebsk, Belarus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6452-5653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilson","family":"Khang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bionanotechnology and Bio-Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7466-3662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergei V.","family":"Kostjuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, 220006 Minsk, Belarus"},{"name":"Institut Parisien de Chimie Moleculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Universite, 75252 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiansheng","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6472-6247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanjun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23S","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922817706998","article-title":"Common Diaper Ingredient Questions: Modern Disposable Diaper Materials Are Safe and Extensively Tested","volume":"56","author":"Counts","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. 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