{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:52:47Z","timestamp":1791262367943,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Romanian Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization","award":["390076\/16.10.2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["390076\/16.10.2025"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund","award":["G 2024-85828\/390008\/27.11.2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G 2024-85828\/390008\/27.11.2024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, four types of materials suitable for use as special insulation were produced. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) served as the polymer matrix, while PZT powders (a Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 system doped with Nb5+ and Sr2+) were used as the filler material; the method for producing these powders is also described. The mass concentrations, expressed as PVDF\/PZT ratios, were 100\/0, 95\/5, 90\/10, and 80\/20. Characterization analyses and tests were conducted to verify the materials\u2019 suitability as insulators. Specifically, the materials underwent structural (SEM and FTIR), chemical (EDS), mechanical, and dielectric testing (measuring tan \u03b4, \u03b5r, \u03c1, and Estr). Additionally, resistance to degradation at the maximum operating temperature was evaluated through thermal resistance tests at 150 \u00b0C. Finally, the remaining service life prior to complete material degradation\u2014and the consequent need for replacement\u2014was determined. All characterization tests indicated that the composite material with a 5% PZT powder concentration\u2014which exhibits the best structural, mechanical, dielectric, and thermal properties\u2014represents the optimal composite variant for insulation applications. Potential applications for these materials include coatings for electric field grading and voltage control, as well as insulation for high-voltage transients and impulses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym18192417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T08:57:18Z","timestamp":1791190638000},"page":"2417","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Processing of PVDF\/Nb5+ and Sr2+-Doped PZT Composites for Applications in Advanced Dielectric Insulation: Effect of Ceramic Loading on Structure, Mechanical Properties, Electrical Properties, and Thermal Aging Behavior"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7751-9324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alina Ruxandra","family":"Caramitu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Research and Development in Electrical Engineering (ICPE-CA), Unirii no. 3131, District 3, 030138 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Romeo Cristian","family":"Ciobanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Measurements and Materials, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University, Bdul. D. Mangeron 71, 700050 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"All Green SRL, Str. I. Bacalu no. 5, 700023 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4756-7114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alina Iulia","family":"Dumitru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Research and Development in Electrical Engineering (ICPE-CA), Unirii no. 3131, District 3, 030138 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2485-716X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduard-Marius","family":"Lungulescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Research and Development in Electrical Engineering (ICPE-CA), Unirii no. 3131, District 3, 030138 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5399-6847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena Valentina","family":"Lungu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Research and Development in Electrical Engineering (ICPE-CA), Unirii no. 3131, District 3, 030138 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Virgil Emanuel","family":"Marinescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Research and Development in Electrical Engineering (ICPE-CA), Unirii no. 3131, District 3, 030138 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Alexandru","family":"Chirica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Measurements and Materials, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University, Bdul. 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