{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T04:50:06Z","timestamp":1791607806245,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory","award":["W911NF-20-2-0163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W911NF-20-2-0163"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/011hc8f90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["W911NF-20-2-0163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W911NF-20-2-0163"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/011hc8f90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Polymers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chitin is an abundant biopolymer, with 1\u20133 million tons potentially available annually from shellfish-processing waste, but remains underutilized because its insolubility in conventional solvents makes it difficult to process and functionalize. Herein, a three-step route to chitin adsorbents with interchangeable ligands is reported. Highly acetylated chitin was tosylated and converted to the C-6 azide, and amine- and hydroxyl-terminated ligands were attached to this common intermediate by the copper-catalyzed azide\u2013alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) \u201cclick\u201d reaction, yielding water-insoluble derivatives. Cu(II) adsorption to the adsorbents was evaluated using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES analysis). Under standard conditions (pH 6.0, 4 h contact), amine- and alcohol-chitin adsorbed 30.1 \u00b1 1.3 and 22.3 \u00b1 1.9 mg Cu g\u22121, respectively, approximately 4.9- and 3.6-fold more than unmodified chitin. Isotherm data were well described by the Langmuir model, with apparent capacities of 37.4 and 25.7 mg g\u22121 at 4 h contact. The adsorbents could be regenerated with 7% (v\/v) HCl, retaining 46% and 42% of their initial uptake after four cycles. The differences in derivatives\u2019 uptakes are attributable to the identity of the grafted ligand, illustrating how the click route allows chitin adsorbents to be tailored through the choice of alkyne.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/polym18192450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T11:26:53Z","timestamp":1791458813000},"page":"2450","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preparation of Customizable Ligand-Functionalized Chitin Biopolymer Adsorbents Utilizing the Azide\u2013Alkyne \u201cClick\u201d Reaction for the Adsorption of Aqueous Cu(II)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1729-1712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Blaine M.","family":"Berrington","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Montana Technological University, 1300 West Park Street, Butte, MT 59701, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reyla","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6094-0844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"LaDouceur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Montana Technological University, 1300 West Park Street, Butte, MT 59701, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2006.06.001","article-title":"Chitin and chitosan: Properties and applications","volume":"31","author":"Rinaudo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog. 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