{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T13:20:39Z","timestamp":1781788839731,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Romanian Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization, within Program 1 \u2013 De-velopment of the national RD system, Subprogram 1.2 \u2013 Institutional Performance \u2013 RDI excellence funding projects, Contract no.11PFE\/30.12.2021 and project POC\/448\/1\/1 Resea","award":["Contract no.11PFE\/30.12.2021 and project POC\/448\/1\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Contract no.11PFE\/30.12.2021 and project POC\/448\/1\/1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Processes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bioisosteres are substituents or groups (atoms, ions, or molecules) with similar chemical or physical properties, and which usually have similar biological properties. Pyridazine and its derivatives are invaluable scaffolds in medicinal chemistry, having a large variety of activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, anticancer, antituberculosis, antihypertensive, etc. Also, the pyridazine core is of high interest in agriculture, being used as a growth factor for plants, herbicides, etc. This study aims to review our previous contributions related to antimicrobials and the germination and seedling capabilities of some seeds and plants of some pyridazine classical and nonclassical bioisosteres. So, we present herein the synthesis (under conventional thermal heating and microwave irradiation) and spectral characterization of seven series of pyridazine bioisosteres, the in vitro antimicrobial activity (against different strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi), and the biologic effect on wheat germination and seedling growth. Some pyridazine bioisosteres proved to have very good activity against pathogenic bacterial strains, with some spectacular results. Overall, nonclassical bioisosteres prove to have better antibacterial and antifungal activity compared with classical bioisosteres. The pyridazine bioisosteres may influence the wheat germination rate, seedling growth, height, and weight of the plantlets. Feasible explanations for this behaviour were furnished.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pr11082306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T09:14:40Z","timestamp":1690881280000},"page":"2306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Pyridazinic Bioisosteres with Potential Applications in Medicinal Chemistry and Agriculture"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Roxana Angela","family":"Tucaliuc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exact Sciences, Faculty of Horticulture, University of Live Science, Aleea Mihail Sadoveanu 3, 700490 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research-CERNESIM Centre, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9768-8686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Violeta","family":"Mangalagiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research-CERNESIM Centre, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan Cel Mare University of Suceava, 13 Universitatii Str., 720229 Suceava, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4632-5076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ionel I.","family":"Mangalagiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research-CERNESIM Centre, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Nathan, B. (2012). Bioisosteres in Medicinal Chemistry, Wiley-VCH."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Silverman, R.B., and Holladay, M.W. (2014). The Organic Chemistry of Drug Design and Drug Action, Academic Press. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867053363540","article-title":"Bioisosterism: A Useful Strategy for Molecular Modification and Drug Design","volume":"12","author":"Lima","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.2174\/138527211794519050","article-title":"Recent achievements in the chemistry of 1,2-diazines","volume":"15","author":"Mangalagiu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Org. 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