{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T10:05:24Z","timestamp":1781085924632,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Processes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rotary Steerable System (RSS) enhances directional drilling efficiency by over 300% via dynamic bit adjustment during string rotation. This study aims to systematically address these bottlenecks, quantify technical boundaries, and propose actionable breakthrough paths for China\u2019s RSS technology in shale gas development. To address China\u2019s shale gas RSS bottlenecks, this study proposes a \u201cMaterial-Algorithm-System\u201d tri-level strategy centered on an innovative \u201cTri-loop System.\u201d Key innovations include (1) silicon nitride\u2013tungsten carbide composite coatings to enhance thermal resilience, tested to withstand 220 \u00b0C, reducing thermal failure risk by 40% compared to conventional materials; (2) downhole reinforcement learning optimization; (3) a \u201cTri-loop System\u201d integrating downhole intelligent control, wellbore-surface bidirectional communication, and cloud monitoring, shortening downhole command response latency from over 5 s to less than 1 s. In practical shale gas development scenarios\u2014such as the Sichuan Basin\u2019s deep coalbed methane wells and Shengli Oilfield\u2019s tight reservoirs\u2014this tri-level strategy has proven effective: the high-frequency electromagnetic wave radar increased thin coal seam drilling encounter rate by 23%, while the piezoelectric ceramic micro-actuators reduced tool failure rate by 35% in 175\u2013200 \u00b0C environments. This approach targets raising China\u2019s shale gas RSS application rate to 60%, supporting sustainable oil and gas exploration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pr13113471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:50:19Z","timestamp":1761785419000},"page":"3471","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Rotary Steerable Drilling Technology: Bottlenecks Breakthroughs and Intelligent Trends in China Shale Gas Development"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Geng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hilong Oil Service & Engineering Co., Ltd., No. 13 Gongti North Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100027, China"},{"name":"Hilong Oil Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., No. 13 Gongti North Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100027, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingzhong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hilong Oil Service & Engineering Co., Ltd., No. 13 Gongti North Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100027, China"},{"name":"Hilong Oil Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., No. 13 Gongti North Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100027, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingjian","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Drilling and Production Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2148","DOI":"10.2118\/214703-PA","article-title":"Real-time control algorithm of well trajectory for push-the-bit rotary steering drilling system","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"SPE J."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Gomaa, M.A.K. 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