{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T08:43:58Z","timestamp":1789461838465,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Proteomes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Characterising inner ear disorders represents a significant challenge due to a lack of reliable experimental procedures and identified biomarkers. It is also difficult to access the complex microenvironments of the inner ear and investigate specific pathological indicators through conventional techniques. Omics technologies have the potential to play a vital role in revolutionising the diagnosis of ear disorders by providing a comprehensive understanding of biological systems at various molecular levels. These approaches reveal valuable information about biomolecular signatures within the cochlear tissue or fluids such as the perilymphatic and endolymphatic fluid. Proteomics identifies changes in protein abundance, while metabolomics explores metabolic products and pathways, aiding the characterisation and early diagnosis of diseases. Although there are different methods for identifying and quantifying biomolecules, mass spectrometry, as part of proteomics and metabolomics analysis, could be utilised as an effective instrument for understanding different inner ear disorders. This study aims to review the literature on the application of proteomic and metabolomic approaches by specifically focusing on Meniere\u2019s disease, ototoxicity, noise-induced hearing loss, and vestibular schwannoma. Determining potential protein and metabolite biomarkers may be helpful for the diagnosis and treatment of inner ear problems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/proteomes12020017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T08:43:54Z","timestamp":1717577034000},"page":"17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Current State of Proteomics and Metabolomics for Inner Ear Health and Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Motahare","family":"Khorrami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1985-1705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Pastras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1472-8249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul A.","family":"Haynes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, Sydney 2109, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Mirzaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney 2109, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Asadnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1177\/09574565221128067","article-title":"Review of research on environmental noise standards\/policies\/guidelines and measurement methodology in high-speed rail","volume":"53","author":"Srivastava","year":"2022","journal-title":"Noise Vib. 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