{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T19:03:10Z","timestamp":1780513390967,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,27]],"date-time":"2020-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["19H05561"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19H05561"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["19K24007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K24007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Proteomes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biliary atresia (BA) is a destructive inflammatory obliterative cholangiopathy of the neonate that affects various parts of the bile duct. If early diagnosis followed by Kasai portoenterostomy is not performed, progressive liver cirrhosis frequently leads to liver transplantation in the early stage of life. Therefore, prompt diagnosis is necessary for the rescue of BA patients. However, the prompt diagnosis of BA remains challenging because specific and reliable biomarkers for BA are currently unavailable. In this study, we discovered potential biomarkers for BA using deep proteome analysis by data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA\u2013MS). Four patients with BA and three patients with neonatal cholestasis of other etiologies (non-BA) were recruited for stool proteome analysis. Among the 2110 host-derived proteins detected in their stools, 49 proteins were significantly higher in patients with BA and 54 proteins were significantly lower. These varying stool protein levels in infants with BA can provide potential biomarkers for BA. As demonstrated in this study, the deep proteome analysis of stools has great potential not only in detecting new stool biomarkers for BA but also in elucidating the pathophysiology of BA and other pediatric diseases, especially in the field of pediatric gastroenterology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/proteomes8040036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,27]],"date-time":"2020-11-27T09:16:49Z","timestamp":1606468609000},"page":"36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Discovery of Candidate Stool Biomarker Proteins for Biliary Atresia Using Proteome Analysis by Data-Independent Acquisition Mass Spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Eiichiro","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9779-8199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuke","family":"Kawashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wataru","family":"Suda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Microbiome Sciences, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomo","family":"Kakihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1695-3976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinya","family":"Takazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Gunma Children\u2019s Medical Center, Shibukawa 277-8577, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Nishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Gunma Children\u2019s Medical Center, Shibukawa 277-8577, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kan","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3328-9571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osamu","family":"Ohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Fujishiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60946-6","article-title":"Biliary atresia","volume":"374","author":"Hartley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000504","article-title":"Biliary atresia and stool: Its consistency and fat content, another potentially useful clinical information","volume":"28","author":"Okajima","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. 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