{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:04:25Z","timestamp":1787029465048,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]],"date-time":"2023-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The secondary treatment of mandibular bone fractures poses a great challenge due to the complexity of several factors, such as incorrect primary fracture repositioning, inadequate internal fixation, nonunion, necrosis, local inflammation and infection, tooth loss, and malocclusion, serving as obstacles encountered by surgical teams. The aim of this case report is to detail the planning process, surgical technique, and outcome of the secondary treatment of the post-traumatic deformation, bone exposure, and partial necrosis of the mandible. The new approach described herein incorporated 3D planning and printing procedures, employing surgical techniques such as the segmentation of the mandible with unilateral sagittal split osteotomy and the vertical osteotomy of the mandibular body. New, stable occlusion; appropriate spatial relations; and proper osteosynthesis of the mandible were achieved. The encouraging results obtained demonstrate that the described method can be incorporated in similar cases of the secondary treatment of mandibular fractures and possibly lead to shorter hospitalization and convalescence and lower the associated costs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/reports6020027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T01:38:41Z","timestamp":1686101921000},"page":"27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Secondary Treatment of Mandibular Bone Fracture Using Sagittal Split Osteotomy and Segmentation of the Mandible: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0349-9914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142 Piotr","family":"Grab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Military Institute of Medicine\u2014National Research Institute, Szaser\u00f3w 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aldona","family":"Chloupek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Military Institute of Medicine\u2014National Research Institute, Szaser\u00f3w 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakub","family":"Nowocie\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Military Institute of Medicine\u2014National Research Institute, Szaser\u00f3w 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Jagielak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Military Institute of Medicine\u2014National Research Institute, Szaser\u00f3w 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Private Health Entity Ortognatyka, Aleja Krakowska 54, 02-256 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dariusz","family":"Jurkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Otolaryngology, Military Institute of Medicine\u2014National Research Institute, Szaser\u00f3w 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.04.117","article-title":"Interpersonal Violence and Facial Fractures","volume":"67","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000001299","article-title":"Changing trends in adult facial trauma epidemiology","volume":"26","author":"Hashemi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Craniofacial Surg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.15.15901","article-title":"Do Radiologists and Surgeons Speak the Same Language? A Retrospective Review of Facial Trauma","volume":"207","author":"Ludi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1721758","article-title":"Complications of Mandibular Fracture Repair and Secondary Reconstruction","volume":"34","author":"Perez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1357111","article-title":"Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy","volume":"27","author":"Monson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"e271","article-title":"The modifications of the sagittal ramus split osteotomy: A literature review","volume":"2","author":"Meyns","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg. Glob. Open"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2017.02.012","article-title":"Fracture patterns after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy of the mandibular ramus according to the Obwegeser\/Dal Pont and Hunsuck\/Epker modifications","volume":"45","author":"Kniha","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2022.02.001","article-title":"Post-traumatic management of condylar fracture complications","volume":"12","author":"Sidebottom","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Oral Biol. Craniofacial Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e318271018b","article-title":"Sagittal split osteotomy of the fibula for modeling the new mandibular angle","volume":"24","author":"Longo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Craniofacial Surg."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.5125\/jkaoms.2015.41.3.156","article-title":"Stability of unilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy for correction of facial asymmetry: Long-term case series and literature review","volume":"41","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Korean Assoc. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"627","article-title":"Secondary Management of Mandible Fractures","volume":"35","author":"Reddy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Facial Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2017.06.002","article-title":"Reconstruction of the bony chin using sagittal split osteotomies of the remaining mandible\u2014A new technique for a special indication: Case report","volume":"45","author":"Hell","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zoabi, A., Redenski, I., Oren, D., Kasem, A., Zigron, A., Daoud, S., Moskovich, L., Kablan, F., and Srouji, S. (2022). 3D Printing and Virtual Surgical Planning in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11092385"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s40729-022-00413-7","article-title":"Long-term survival of implant-based oral rehabilitation following maxillofacial reconstruction with vascularized bone flap","volume":"8","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Implant Dent."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s40463-019-0334-y","article-title":"Free versus pedicled flaps for reconstruction of head and neck cancer defects: A systematic review","volume":"48","author":"Tabet","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1700880","article-title":"Role of Free Tissue Transfer in Facial Trauma","volume":"35","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Facial Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2022.09.010","article-title":"Contemporary management of complex craniofacial trauma: Virtual planning, navigation and the novel thermoformed cage splints in a strategic, sequential, computer-guided protocol","volume":"50","author":"Tel","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2021.02.005","article-title":"Time benefits of 3D planning in orthognathic surgery: A systematic review","volume":"60","author":"Neo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2016.04.023","article-title":"Risk factors for common complications associated with bilateral sagittal split osteotomy: A literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Verweij","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg."}],"container-title":["Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2571-841X\/6\/2\/27\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:49:12Z","timestamp":1760125752000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2571-841X\/6\/2\/27"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["reports6020027"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/reports6020027","relation":{},"ISSN":["2571-841X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2571-841X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]]}}}