{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T15:31:26Z","timestamp":1776353486707,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is a rare and aggressive cancer affecting the parathyroid glands, presenting diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its rarity and overlapping features with benign parathyroid disease. This report describes the case of a 51-year-old patient with significantly elevated serum calcium levels, leading to further investigation. Imaging studies revealed a large nodular mass in the right inferior parathyroid gland. After undergoing right inferior parathyroidectomy, pathology confirmed parathyroid carcinoma. However, the patient experienced a relapse, detected via a neck MRI. This case highlights the importance of specific clinical features, such as rapid calcium increase, elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, and a large nodular mass, in suspecting malignancy. Differential diagnosis between carcinoma and adenoma can be challenging, and immunohistochemistry aids in diagnosis. Regular follow-up with calcium and PTH monitoring is essential for detecting recurrence. This case underscores the aggressive nature of parathyroid carcinoma and the importance of early diagnosis, surgical intervention, and thorough follow-up care for improved outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/reports6030040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T10:23:40Z","timestamp":1692872620000},"page":"40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Challenges in the Diagnosis of Parathyroid Cancer: Unraveling the Diagnostic Maze"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Mihaela","family":"Stanciu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Remus Calin","family":"Cipaian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5106-8879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruxandra","family":"Ristea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4684-8213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corina Maria","family":"Vasile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Adult Congenital Cardiology, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33600 Pessac, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mihaela","family":"Popescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9834-3380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florina Ligia","family":"Popa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"113","article-title":"Williams Textbook of Endocrinology","volume":"12","author":"Vargatu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"367","article-title":"Parathyroid carcinoma detected within the thyroid","volume":"83","author":"Otake","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nagoya J. 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