{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:45:51Z","timestamp":1760150751487,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]],"date-time":"2023-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fatal hemoptysis secondary to severe pulmonary veins stenosis and fibrosing mediastinitis is an exceptional late complication of radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation. We report the case of a 53-year-old male with a history of atrial fibrillation treated by radiofrequency ablation and admitted in our center 6 months after the procedure because of aggravating dyspnea and fatigability. Transthoracic echocardiography showed moderate dilation of right heart cavities, severe pulmonary hypertension and a turbulent flow in superior pulmonary veins. The cardiologist suspected pulmonary vein(s) stenosis and so cardiac computed tomography (CT) angiography was performed, with findings of severe stenosis of the right superior, right inferior and left inferior pulmonary veins, near-occlusion of the left superior pulmonary vein and the vein draining the apical segment of the right lower lobe. The CT scan also revealed soft tissue attenuation of the mediastinum posterior to the left atrium suggesting fibrosing mediastinitis together with parenchymal findings consistent with pulmonary veno-oclusive disease and an area of hemorrhagic infarction. Fatal hemoptysis occurred 3 days later, before treatment was attempted. In conclusion, severe pulmonary vein stenosis and fibrosing mediastinitis are rare but devastating complications of radiofrequency ablation. Prevention and early diagnosis are the key elements as these entities are potentially life-threatening.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/reports7010002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]],"date-time":"2023-12-26T04:40:44Z","timestamp":1703565644000},"page":"2","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fatal Hemoptysis Secondary to Severe Pulmonary Veins Stenosis and Fibrosing Mediastinitis following Radiofrequency Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Vladut Mirel","family":"Burduloi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Railway Clinical Hospital, 700506 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Flavia Catalina","family":"Corciova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cProf. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu\u201d Cardiovascular Diseases Institute, 700503 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela Dumachita","family":"Sargu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cElena Doamna\u201d Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinical Hospital, 700398 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raluca Ozana","family":"Chistol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cProf. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu\u201d Cardiovascular Diseases Institute, 700503 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra Cristina","family":"Rusu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristinel Ionel","family":"Stan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e020163","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.020163","article-title":"Trends in Cardiovascular Mortality Related to Atrial Fibrillation in the United States, 2011 to 2018","volume":"10","author":"Tanaka","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.111.961888","article-title":"Prevalence, Characteristics, and Predictors of Pulmonary Vein Narrowing After Isolation Using the Pulmonary Vein Ablation Catheter","volume":"5","author":"Tavernier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ. Arrhythm. 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