{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T12:45:37Z","timestamp":1780058737194,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Clinical Significance: Tuberculosis (TB) poses a significant global health challenge; although low\u2013middle income countries carry the heaviest burden, its diagnosis and treatment can be challenging in any country. The clinical picture can be complex and vary from person to person, with autoimmune complications that can hinder TB diagnosis and treatment. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 38-year-old man from Bangladesh who had recently arrived in Italy through the Balkan route. He presented with TB in the cervical lymph nodes and long-standing chronic myalgias. While a wide range of TB-triggered autoimmune entities can be found in the literature, this case is the first to describe immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) triggered by active TB. Conclusions: IMNM has been previously associated only with other infections like SARS-CoV-2 and Dengue. The successful diagnosis and management of TB-induced IMNM was achieved through a collaborative, multidisciplinary approach involving rheumatologists, immunologists, and infectious diseases specialists, showcasing an innovative treatment strategy and adding new insights into the complexities of TB and IMNM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/reports7040082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T10:41:47Z","timestamp":1727174507000},"page":"82","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Tuberculosis-Induced Immune-Mediated Necrotizing Myopathy: A Challenging Case Scenario in a Non-Endemic Country"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Agnese","family":"Colpani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Astorri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Ospedale Civile \u201cS.S. Giovanni e Paolo\u201d, 30122 Venice, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8265-5400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"De Vito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"},{"name":"School in Biomedical Science, Biomedical Science Department, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6099-2273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giordano","family":"Madeddu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandro","family":"Panese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Medicine, Ospedale \u201cdell\u2019Angelo\u201d, 30174 Venice, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Medicine, Ospedale Civile \u201cS.S. Giovanni e Paolo\u201d, 30122 Venice, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7988-5419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Geremia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Medicine, Ospedale \u201cdell\u2019Angelo\u201d, 30174 Venice, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Medicine, Ospedale Civile \u201cS.S. Giovanni e Paolo\u201d, 30122 Venice, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.3390\/pathophysiology29020022","article-title":"Tuberculosis and Autoimmunity","volume":"29","author":"Belyaeva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathophysiology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e649","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00085-7","article-title":"National Tuberculosis Spending Efficiency and Its Associated Factors in 121 Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries, 2010\u20132019: A Data Envelopment and Stochastic Frontier Analysis","volume":"10","author":"Nguhiu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. 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