{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:37:09Z","timestamp":1760146629939,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health","award":["D33C22001720001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D33C22001720001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Clinical Significance: We wished to review the use of arterial embolization with n-butyl-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) to treat large high-flow vascular malformations due to its rapid polymerization and ability to permanently occlude large and small vessels. Case Presentation: A 52-year-old male presented with a two-year history of progressively worsening pain and swelling in the right gluteal area. Imaging techniques (color Doppler ultrasonography, CT, DSA, and MRI) were utilized for the diagnosis of a large high-flow intramuscular hemangioma. The mass displaced the surrounding tissues but showed no signs of lymphadenopathy or distant metastasis. The treatment involved targeting different arterial feeders over several sessions. Each procedure used NBCA\u2013Lipiodol under fluoroscopic guidance, progressively reducing the malformation\u2019s size and alleviating his symptoms. After the final embolization, the patient showed significant pain relief and a reduction in the size of the malformation, confirmed by follow-up imaging, demonstrating NBCA embolization\u2019s effectiveness. The protocol\u2019s safety and efficacy in this context are discussed. Conclusions: Arterial embolization with NBCA is a promising treatment for large high-flow vascular malformations, providing symptom relief and reductions in lesion size. While this case report highlights the procedure\u2019s efficacy, further research is needed for a broader understanding of its long-term outcomes and potential complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/reports7040106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T04:02:18Z","timestamp":1732593738000},"page":"106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Arterial Embolization with n-Butyl-Cyanoacrylate for a Large Gluteal Intramuscular Hemangioma: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4764-6389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Papalexis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1697-1358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michela","family":"Carta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7313-4136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuliano","family":"Peta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Quarchioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maddalena","family":"Di Carlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Miceli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6739-7335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Facchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198203000-00002","article-title":"Hemangiomas and vascular malformations in infants and children: A classification based on endothelial characteristics","volume":"69","author":"Mulliken","year":"1982","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e203","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-3673","article-title":"Vascular Anomalies Classification: Recommendations From the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies","volume":"136","author":"Wassef","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"9","article-title":"Consensus Document of the International Union of Angiology (IUA)-2013. Current concepts on the management of arterio-venous malformations","volume":"32","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. Angiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2003.10.048","article-title":"Management of arteriovenous malformations: A multidisciplinary approach","volume":"39","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2001.11.5.2","article-title":"Epidemiology and natural history of arteriovenous malformations","volume":"11","author":"Stapf","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Focus."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2014.06.016","article-title":"ISSVA classification","volume":"23","author":"Dasgupta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2020). Prolo LM, Jin MC, Loven T, Vogel H, Edwards MSB, Steinberg GK, Grant GA: Recurrence of cavernous malformations after surgery in childhood. J. Neurosurg. Pediatr., 26, 179\u2013188.","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.2.PEDS19543"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2020.09.009","article-title":"Bleomycin Electrosclerotherapy in Therapy-Resistant Venous Malformations of the Body","volume":"9","author":"Wohlgemuth","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg. Venous Lymphat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1177\/0284185115590435","article-title":"Preoperative transarterial embolization using gelatin sponge for hypervascular bone and soft tissue tumors in the pelvis or extremities","volume":"57","author":"Shimohira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Radiol."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"164","article-title":"Embolization of benign and malignant bone and soft tissue tumors of the extremities","volume":"13","author":"Sancak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diagn. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-023-03459-1","article-title":"Palliative Arterial Embolization for Metastases of the Sternum","volume":"46","author":"Papalexis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Intervent Radiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2022.11.030","article-title":"Preoperative arterial embolization for heterotopic ossification of the hip","volume":"34","author":"Papalexis","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, Y.-W., Lee, B.-B., Yakes, W.F., and Do, Y.-S. (2017). Congenital Vascular Malformations: A Comprehensive Review of Current Management, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-46709-1"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Majumdar, S., and McWilliams, J.P. (2020). Approach to Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations: A Comprehensive Update. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9061927"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Golzarian, J., Sun, S., and Sharafuddin, M. (2006). General Principles, Chest, Abdomen, and Great Vessels. Vascular Embolotherapy: A Comprehensive Approach, Springer Science & Business Media.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-33256-1"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.166","article-title":"Curative Embolization of Arteriovenous Malformations","volume":"129","author":"Kan","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"1139","article-title":"Complete obliteration of intracranial arteriovenous malformation with endovascular cyanoacrylate embolization: Initial success and rate of permanent cure","volume":"25","author":"Yu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/S1051-0443(07)61568-1","article-title":"The use of cyanoacrylate adhesives in peripheral embolization","volume":"12","author":"Pollak","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-011-0123-0","article-title":"Pediatric vascular malformations: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and the role of interventional radiology","volume":"34","author":"Cahill","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2012.03.001","article-title":"Current management of infantile hemangiomas and their common associated conditions","volume":"45","author":"Hartzell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.7461\/jcen.2022.E2021.12.003","article-title":"Comparison of transarterial n-BCA and Onyx embolization of brain arteriovenous malformations: A single-center 18-year retrospective analysis","volume":"24","author":"Behzadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cerebrovasc. Endovasc. Neurosurg."}],"container-title":["Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2571-841X\/7\/4\/106\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:39:28Z","timestamp":1760114368000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2571-841X\/7\/4\/106"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["reports7040106"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/reports7040106","relation":{},"ISSN":["2571-841X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2571-841X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]}}}