{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:16:07Z","timestamp":1792170967792,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The evolution of regional anesthesia in total hip arthroplasty (THA) has significantly impacted perioperative management, particularly in older adults, where age-related physiological vulnerability requires optimized strategies. Adequate pain control is crucial in enhancing recovery, minimizing opioid consumption, and reducing complications. Traditional nerve blocks such as lumbar plexus and femoral nerve blocks have long been the mainstay of analgesia. However, they are associated with significant motor impairments, which delay mobilization and increase the fall risks. Introducing motor-sparing regional anesthesia techniques represents a substantial advancement in optimizing postoperative pain management while preserving muscle function. Motor-sparing techniques, including the pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block, supra-inguinal fascia iliaca block (SI-FIB), erector spinae plane block (ESPB), and quadratus lumborum block (QLB), have been developed to provide adequate analgesia without compromising motor control. The PENG block selectively targets the articular branches of the femoral, obturator, and accessory obturator nerves, ensuring superior pain relief while minimizing quadriceps weakness. Similarly, the SI-FIB provides extensive sensory blockade with minimal motor involvement, allowing for earlier ambulation. The ESPB and QLB extend analgesia beyond the hip region while preserving motor function, reducing opioid consumption, and facilitating early rehabilitation. Compared to traditional motor-impairing blocks, these newer techniques align with Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols by promoting early mobility and reducing the hospital length of stay. Studies suggest that motor-sparing blocks lead to improved functional recovery, lower postoperative pain scores, and decreased opioid requirements, which are critical factors in geriatric THA patients. Moreover, these techniques present a safer alternative, reducing the risk of postoperative falls\u2014a significant concern in elderly patients undergoing hip replacement. Despite their advantages, motor-sparing nerve blocks are still evolving, and further research is necessary to standardize the protocols, optimize the dosing strategies, and evaluate the long-term functional benefits. Integrating these techniques into routine perioperative care may significantly enhance patient outcomes and revolutionize pain management in geriatric THA. As regional anesthesia advances, motor-sparing techniques will improve postoperative recovery, ensuring patient safety and functional independence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/reports8020064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T04:13:44Z","timestamp":1746764024000},"page":"64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["From Pain Control to Early Mobility: The Evolution of Regional Anesthesia in Geriatric Total Hip Arthroplasty"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4565-9880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Reysner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Palliative Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Kowalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Palliative Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3392-1813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksander","family":"Mularski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona G\u00f3ra, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9067-0969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malgorzata","family":"Reysner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Palliative Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Wieczorowska-Tobis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Palliative Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.5114\/ait.2023.132832","article-title":"Standards of perioperative management in total knee and hip arthroplasty procedures. A survey-based study. Part I: Preoperative management","volume":"55","author":"Owczuk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anaesthesiol. Intensive Ther."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2021.01.021","article-title":"Minimal clinically important differences in randomised clinical trials on pain management after total hip and knee arthroplasty: A systematic review","volume":"126","author":"Laigaard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.19.01423","article-title":"An update on multimodal pain management after total joint arthroplasty","volume":"103","author":"Karam","year":"2021","journal-title":"JBJS"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000001691","article-title":"Pain management after total knee arthroplasty: PROcedure SPEcific Postoperative Pain ManagemenT recommendations","volume":"39","author":"Kehlet","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Anaesthesiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.5114\/ait.2023.134190","article-title":"The use of the ERAS protocol in malnourished and properly nourished patients undergoing elective surgery: A questionnaire study","volume":"55","author":"Kutnik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anaesthesiol. Intensive Ther."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.5114\/ait.2024.142670","article-title":"Perioperative utilization of tranexamic acid in total knee and hip arthroplasty procedures in Poland\u2014A survey-based study","volume":"56","author":"Polok","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anaesthesiol. Intensive Ther."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32597","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000032597","article-title":"Impact of regional anesthesia on outcomes of geriatric patients undergoing lower extremity revascularization: A propensity score-matched cohort study","volume":"101","author":"Lim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-023-06949-y","article-title":"General anesthesia versus regional anesthesia in the elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgeries: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"47","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"World J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, X., Yang, M., Mu, J., Wang, Z., Zhang, L., Wang, H., and Yan, F. (2022). The Effect of General Anesthesia vs. Regional Anesthesia on Postoperative Delirium\u2014A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.844371"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1097\/AIA.0000000000000422","article-title":"Regional anesthesia for the geriatric patient: A narrative review and update on hip fracture repair","volume":"62","author":"Lai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Anesthesiol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, Q., Zhou, X., Zhang, Y., Hou, M., Tian, X., Yang, H., He, F., Chen, X., and Liu, T. (2021). Predictors of postoperative delirium in elderly patients following total hip and knee arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04825-1"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2023.11.014","article-title":"A look forward and a look back: The growing role of ERAS protocols in orthopedic surgery","volume":"42","author":"Weber","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anesthesiol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"51","article-title":"Anaesthetic perioperative management according to the ERAS protocol","volume":"48","author":"Horosz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anestezjol. Intensywna Ter."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, H.J., Park, K.K., Park, J.Y., Lee, B., Choi, Y.S., and Kwon, H.M. (2022). Peripheral nerve block for pain management after total hip arthroplasty: A retrospective study with propensity score matching. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11185456"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2020.110076","article-title":"Motor-sparing nerve blocks for total knee replacement: A scoping review","volume":"68","author":"Layera","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Anesth."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, C.G., Zhang, Z.Q., Yang, Y., Long, Y.B., Wang, X.L., and Ding, Y.L. (2023). A randomized controlled trial of iliopsoas plane block vs. femoral nerve block for hip arthroplasty. BMC Anesthesiol., 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-023-02162-5"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Karmakar, M.K. (2023). Lumbar Paravertebral Sonography and Considerations for Ultrasound-Guided Lumbar Plexus Block. Pain."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5603\/fm.102600","article-title":"Lumbar plexus- review","volume":"84(1)","author":"Zielinska","year":"2025","journal-title":"Folia Morphol."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"102","article-title":"Anatomy of Lumbar Plexus and Implications to Regional Anaesthesiologist","volume":"2","author":"Amudha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Reg. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eisenberg, E., Gaertner, E., and Clavert, P. (2023). Lumbar Plexus Blocks. W: Ultrasound in Peripheral, Neuraxial and Perineuraxial Regional Anaesthesia, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-08804-9"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2020-101915","article-title":"Quadratus lumborum block type 3 versus lumbar plexus block in hip replacement surgery: A randomized, prospective, non-inferiority study","volume":"46","author":"Gutierrez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reg. Anesth. Pain Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.4097\/kja.22138","article-title":"Anatomical classification and clinical application of thoracic paraspinal blocks","volume":"75","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Korean J. Anesthesiol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-021-1722-3","article-title":"Co-occurrence of geriatric syndromes and diseases in the general population: Assessment of the dimensions of aging","volume":"26","author":"Dartigues","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health aging"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.06.017","article-title":"Local anesthetic systemic toxicity: A narrative review for emergency clinicians","volume":"59","author":"Long","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.2147\/LRA.S325877","article-title":"Considerations for the use of local anesthesia in the frail elderly: Current perspectives","volume":"15","author":"Cuvillon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Local Reg. Anesth."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AlMutiri, W.A., AlMajed, E., Alneghaimshi, M.M., AlAwadh, A., AlSarhan, R., AlShebel, M.N., AlMatrody, R.A.M., Hadaddi, R., AlTamimi, R., and Bin Salamah, R. (2024). Efficacy of Continuous Lumbar Plexus Blockade in Managing Post-Operative Pain after Hip or Femur Orthopedic Surgeries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J. Clin. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13113194"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1111\/ajag.13209","article-title":"Geriatric syndromes in the population older than 90 years: The prevalence and association with chronic diseases","volume":"42","author":"Veizi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Australas. J. Ageing"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-024-02724-8","article-title":"The prevalence and co-existence of geriatric syndromes in older patients with dementia compared to those without dementia","volume":"36","author":"Soysal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.4067\/S0717-95022022000100062","article-title":"A Guideline for Femoral Nerve Block with the Age-Related Formulas Obtained from the Distances Between the Femoral Nerve and Surface Anatomical Landmarks in Fetal Cadavers","volume":"40","author":"Cihan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Morphol."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Chang, A., Breeland, G., Black, A.C., and Hubbard, J.B. (2023). Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb: Femur. W: StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e30110","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000030110","article-title":"Adductor canal block versus femoral nerve block for pain control after total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"101","author":"Hasabo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.103151","article-title":"The effect of regional nerve block on perioperative delirium in hip fracture surgery for the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"108","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsai, T.Y., Cheong, K.M., Su, Y.C., Shih, M.C., Chau, S.W., Chen, M.W., Chen, C.T., Lee, Y.K., Sun, J.T., and Chen, K.F. (2022). Ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block in geriatric patients with hip fracture in the emergency department. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11102778"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25450","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000025450","article-title":"Femoral nerve block versus fascia iliaca block for pain control in knee and hip arthroplasties: A meta-analysis","volume":"100","author":"Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Giuffre, B.A., Black, A.C., and Jeanmonod, R. (2023). Anatomy, Sciatic Nerve. W: StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.2399\/ana.22.1142650","article-title":"The course of the sciatic nerve in the gluteal region and comparison of two methods used for sciatic nerve blockage","volume":"16","author":"Torun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anatomy"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2022.174","article-title":"Spinal anesthesia versus combined sciatic nerve\/lumbar plexus nerve block in elderly patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty: A retrospective study","volume":"42","author":"Turhan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Saudi Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e73","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1384609","article-title":"Reduced concentrations of nse, s100\u03b2, a\u03b2, and proinflammatory cytokines in elderly patients receiving ultrasound-guided combined lumbar plexus-sciatic nerve block during hip replacement","volume":"2022","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genet. Res."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"283","article-title":"Ultrasound-Guided Suprainguinal Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block in Combination with Sciatic Nerve Block for Pain Reduction in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study","volume":"16","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Orthop. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muse, I.O., Deiling, B., Grinman, L., Hadeed, M.M., and Elkassabany, N. (2024). Peripheral nerve blocks for hip fractures. J. Clin. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13123457"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S463097","article-title":"Comparison of the Effects of Adductor Canal and Femoral Nerve Blocks on Postoperative Opioid Consumption and Inflammatory Factor Levels in Elderly Patients After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Observational Study","volume":"17","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Pain Res."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"e23","article-title":"Sciatic nerve palsy after total hip arthroplasty: A review article","volume":"11","year":"2023","journal-title":"JBJS J. Orthop. Physician Assist."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.20.02169","article-title":"Enhanced recovery after primary total hip and knee arthroplasty: A systematic review","volume":"103","author":"Morrell","year":"2021","journal-title":"JBJS"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-022-05477-z","article-title":"Common peroneal nerve palsy after primary total hip arthroplasty","volume":"46","author":"Georgeanu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"e30741","article-title":"Common peroneal nerve palsy at the level of proximal fibula after total hip arthroplasty: A case report","volume":"14","author":"Makhdom","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-024-01268-w","article-title":"Nerve Injury Following Regional Nerve Block: A Literature Review of Its Etiologies, Risk Factors, and Prevention","volume":"28","author":"Bais","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Pain Headache Rep."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2021.11.006","article-title":"Regional anesthesia complications and contraindications","volume":"41","author":"Shams","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Sports medicine"},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"e43143","article-title":"\u201cKnowing It Before Blocking It,\u201d the ABCD of the Peripheral Nerves: Part B (Nerve Injury Types, Mechanisms, and Pathogenesis)","volume":"15","author":"Sonawane","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.5455\/msm.2024.217-221","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided Femoral-Sciatic Nerve Block for Lower Limb Long Bone Fractures","volume":"36","author":"Tu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater. Socio-Medica"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Restrepo, M.S., and Avila, I.A.J. (2021). Considerations for pain management in the burn-injured patient. Burn Care and Treatment: A Practical Guide, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-39193-5_8"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000001287","article-title":"Motor-sparing peripheral nerve blocks for hip and knee surgery","volume":"36","author":"Kopp","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Anesthesiol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.4097\/kja.22669","article-title":"Erector spinae plane versus fascia iliaca block after total hip arthroplasty: A randomized clinical trial comparing analgesic effectiveness and motor block","volume":"76","author":"Flaviano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Korean J. Anesthesiol."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"859","article-title":"Pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block for hip fracture","volume":"43","author":"Peng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reg. Anesth. Pain Med."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.31139\/chnriop.2023.88.1.3","article-title":"The pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block for hip surgery. A narrative review","volume":"88","author":"Reysner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chir. Narz\u0105d\u00f3w Ruchu Ortop. Polska"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2022-103907","article-title":"Pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block for hip arthroscopy: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"47","author":"Amato","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reg. Anesth. Pain Med."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Domagalska, M., Wieczorowska-Tobis, K., Reysner, T., Geisler-Wojciechowska, A., Grochowicka, M., and Kowalski, G. (2023). Pericapsular Nerves Group (PENG) Block in Children under Five Years of Age for Analgesia in Surgery for Hip Dysplasia: Case Report. J. Pers. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202302.0023.v1"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Margenfeld, F., Zendehdel, A., Poilliot, A., Tamborrini, G., Beck, M., and M\u00fcller-Gerbl, M. (2024). Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) Block on Cadavers: A Scoping Review. J. Diagn. Med. Sonogr.","DOI":"10.1177\/87564793241303167"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Domagalska, M., Ciftci, B., Reysner, T., Kolasi\u0144ski, J., Wieczorowska-Tobis, K., and Kowalski, G. (2023). Pain management and functional recovery after pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block for total hip arthroplasty: A prospective, randomized, double-blinded clinical trial. J. Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12154931"},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Gir\u00f3n-Arango, L., and Peng, P. (2025, May 01). Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) block: What Have We Learned in the Last 5 Years? Reg Anesth Pain Med [Internet]. 9 maj 2024, rapm-2024-105427. Available online: http:\/\/rapm.bmj.com\/content\/early\/2024\/05\/08\/rapm-2024-105427.abstract."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnab061","article-title":"Sensory innervation of the hip joint and referred pain: A systematic review of the literature","volume":"22","author":"Laumonerie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2021.05.035","article-title":"How complex is the complex innervation of the hip joint capsular complex?","volume":"37","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"320","article-title":"Use and Clinical Relevancy of Pericapsular Nerve Block (PENG) in Total Hip Arthroplasty-A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Pai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2021-103228","article-title":"Preoperative pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block for total hip arthroplasty: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"47","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reg. Anesth. Pain Med."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2020-102315","article-title":"Pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block provides improved short-term analgesia compared with the femoral nerve block in hip fracture surgery: A single-center double-blinded randomized comparative trial","volume":"46","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reg. Anesth. Pain Med."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2021-102997","article-title":"Randomized comparison between pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block and suprainguinal fascia iliaca block for total hip arthroplasty","volume":"46","author":"Aliste","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reg. Anesth. Pain Med."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2021.12.013","article-title":"Incidences and circumstances of falls among women following total hip arthroplasty on long-term follow-up","volume":"28","author":"Ikutomo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sci."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-025-01368-1","article-title":"Efficacy of Suprainguinal Fascia Iliaca Block for Pain Management in Hip Surgeries: A Narrative Review","volume":"29","author":"Kaye","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Pain Headache Rep."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.sja_424_23","article-title":"Regional anesthesia for geriatric population","volume":"17","author":"Alshaghroud","year":"2023","journal-title":"Saudi J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.16.03012","article-title":"Ultrasound-Guided Suprainguinal Fascia Iliaca Technique Provides Benefit as an Analgesic Adjunct for Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty","volume":"36","author":"Bullock","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound Med."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.09.038","article-title":"Fascia Iliaca Block for Hip Fractures in the Emergency Department: Meta-Analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis","volume":"50","author":"Makkar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2024.111936","article-title":"Supra-inguinal fascia iliaca block versus peri-capsular nerve group (PNEG) block for pain management in patients with hip fracture: A double-blind randomised comparative trial","volume":"55","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.04.019","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided suprainguinal fascia iliaca compartment block and early postoperative analgesia after total hip arthroplasty: A randomised controlled trial","volume":"133","author":"Safa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"832","article-title":"Suprainguinal fascia iliaca block: Does it block the obturator nerve?","volume":"46","author":"Bendtsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reg. Anesth. Pain Med."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, T., Hu, B., Zheng, C.Y., Huang, F.Y., Gao, F., and Zheng, X.C. (2021). Improvement of analgesic efficacy for total hip arthroplasty by a modified ultrasound-guided supra-inguinal fascia iliaca compartment block. BMC Anesthesiol., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-021-01296-8"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, L., Shen, Y., Liu, S., Cao, Y., and Zhu, Z. (2021). Ultrasound-guided supra-inguinal fascia Iliaca compartment block for older adults admitted to the emergency department with hip fracture: A randomized controlled, double-blind clinical trial. BMC Geriatr., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02646-4"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.01.011","article-title":"Comparison between ultrasound-guided suprainguinal fascia iliaca block and anterior quadratus lumborum block for total hip arthroplasty: A prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Arthroplast."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4042","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546521996713","article-title":"Fascia Iliaca Block for Postoperative Pain Control After Hip Arthroscopy: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"49","author":"Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_78","unstructured":"Nassar, H., Hasanin, A., Sewilam, M., Ahmed, H., Abo-Elsoud, M., and Taalab, O. (2025, May 01). Transmuscular Quadratus Lumborum Block versus Suprainguinal Fascia Iliaca Block for Hip Arthroplasty: A Randomized, Controlled Pilot Study. Local and Regional Anesthesia [Internet]. 20 Kwiecie\u0144. Available online: https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.2147\/LRA.S308964."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.sja_467_24","article-title":"Suprainguinal fascia iliaca compartment block in pediatric-aged patients: An educational focused review","volume":"19","author":"Ghimire","year":"2025","journal-title":"Saudi J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-24-00177","article-title":"Comparison of Suprainguinal Fascia Iliaca Nerve Block and Epidural Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Periacetabular Osteotomy","volume":"32","author":"VanEenenaam","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAAOS-J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"ref_81","first-page":"711","article-title":"Supra-inguinal fascia iliaca block in older-old patients for hip fractures: A retrospective study","volume":"73","author":"Bali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Braz. J. Anesthesiol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.31139\/chnriop.2024.89.4.6","article-title":"Erector spinae plane block for pain management after total hip arthroplasty. A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"89","author":"Reysner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chir. Narz\u0105d\u00f3w Ruchu Ortop. Pol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4192","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-023-07913-z","article-title":"The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) levels following erector spinae plane block (ESPB) in posterior lumbar decompression: A randomized, controlled trial","volume":"32","author":"Domagalska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1080\/11101849.2023.2260590","article-title":"A comparative study of preoperative ultrasound-guided lumbar erector spine plane block and preoperative ultrasound-guided caudal block for postoperative pain control in pediatric lower limb surgeries: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"39","author":"Abotaleb","year":"2023","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2021.09.012","article-title":"The erector spinae plane block in the setting of hip arthroscopy: A prospective randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"38","author":"Zimmerer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthrosc. J. Arthrosc. Relat. Surg."},{"key":"ref_86","first-page":"756","article-title":"Erector spinae plane block versus retrolaminar block: A magnetic resonance imaging and anatomical study","volume":"43","author":"Adhikary","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reg. Anesth. Pain Med."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-019-01399-4","article-title":"Anatomical evaluation of the extent of spread in the erector spinae plane block: A cadaveric study","volume":"66","author":"Aponte","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can. J. Anesth."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.4097\/kja.22421","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided lumbar erector spinae plane block versus caudal block for postoperative analgesia in pediatric hip and proximal femur surgery: A randomized controlled study","volume":"76","author":"Elshazly","year":"2023","journal-title":"Korean J. Anesthesiol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2020.110063","article-title":"Erector spinae plane block: A narrative review with systematic analysis of the evidence pertaining to clinical indications and alternative truncal blocks","volume":"68","author":"Saadawi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Anesth."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.2478\/jccm-2024-0023","article-title":"Challenges of the Regional Anesthetic Techniques in Intensive Care Units\u2013A Narrative Review","volume":"10","author":"Lazar","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14408","article-title":"Comparison of injectate spread and nerve involvement between retrolaminar and erector spinae plane blocks in the thoracic region: A cadaveric study","volume":"73","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2024.10.052","article-title":"Ultrasound-Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block in Elderly Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Triple-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"40","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2023-104362","article-title":"Variable anterior spread of local anesthetic after erector spinae plane block (ESPB): Time to turn the spotlight on the \u2018retro-SCTL space\u2019","volume":"48","author":"Sivakumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reg. Anesth. Pain Med."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4023","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S483144","article-title":"Impact of Erector Spinae Plane Blocks on Pain Management and Postoperative Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Pain Undergoing Spine Fusion Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study","volume":"17","author":"Amoroso","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Pain Res."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2022-104012","article-title":"Spread of local anesthetics after erector spinae plane block: An MRI study in healthy volunteers","volume":"48","author":"Zantalis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reg. Anesth. Pain Med."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.01.012","article-title":"Erector spinae plane block: The ultimate \u2018plan A\u2019block?","volume":"130","author":"Pawa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_97","first-page":"e53815","article-title":"Combination of Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) and Sacral Erector Spinae Plane (S-ESP) Blocks for Hip Fracture Pain and Surgery: A Case Series","volume":"16","author":"Marrone","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.5114\/ait.2023.132517","article-title":"Continuous lumbar erector spinae plane block as an alternative to epidural analgesia in pain treatment in patients undergoing hip replacement surgery\u2014A prospective pilot study","volume":"55","author":"Hanych","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anaesthesiol. Intensive Ther."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15823","article-title":"Analgesic benefits of the quadratus lumborum block in total hip arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"77","author":"Hussain","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marchina-Gon\u00e7alves, A., Gil, F., Laredo, F.G., Soler, M., Agut, A., and Belda, E. (2021). Evaluation of high-volume injections using a modified dorsal quadratus lumborum block approach in canine cadavers. Animals, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12010018"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.5114\/ait.2023.130643","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided fascia iliaca block versus quadratus lumborum block for perioperative analgesia in patients undergoing hip surgery. A randomised controlled trial","volume":"55","author":"Refaat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anaesthesiol. Intensive Ther."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000003745","article-title":"Posterior quadratus lumborum block in total hip arthroplasty: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"134","author":"Brixel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asmr.2020.08.002","article-title":"A comparative analysis of the quadratus lumborum block versus femoral nerve and fascia iliaca blocks in hip arthroscopy","volume":"3","author":"Blackwell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthrosc. Sports Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2020-101554","article-title":"Quadratus lumborum block: An imaging study of three approaches","volume":"46","author":"Balocco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reg. Anesth. Pain Med."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32038","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000032038","article-title":"Review of the injectate dispersion pattern during anterior quadratus lumborum block","volume":"101","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-022-03172-8","article-title":"Postoperative analgesic effectiveness of quadratus lumborum block: Systematic review and meta-analysis for adult patients undergoing hip surgery","volume":"17","author":"Xiong","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000001368","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block for postoperative analgesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Korgvee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Anaesthesiol. EJA"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3344\/kjp.23268","article-title":"Postoperative analgesic effects of the quadratus lumborum block in pediatric patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Park","year":"2024","journal-title":"Korean J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, J., Wei, C., Huang, J., Li, Y., Liu, H., Liu, J., and Jin, C. (2022). Efficacy of quadratus lumborum block for pain control in patients undergoing hip surgeries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.771859"},{"key":"ref_110","unstructured":"Edwards, S., and Atanga, E.B. (2024). Comparison of the Efficacy of Four Approaches of the Quadratus Lumborum Block in Nephrectomy: A Systematic Review. [Ph.D. Thesis, Franciscan Missionaries of Our Lady University]."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2022-103598","article-title":"Comparison of lateral quadratus lumborum and lumbar plexus blocks for postoperative analgesia following total hip arthroplasty: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"47","author":"Kelly","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reg. Anesth. Pain Med."},{"key":"ref_112","first-page":"e50119","article-title":"Comparison of Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) Block Versus Quadratus Lumborum (QL) Block for Analgesia After Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty Under Spinal Anesthesia: A Retrospective Study","volume":"15","author":"Braun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.5114\/ait.2024.138554","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided suprainguinal fascia iliaca block to position the patient for neuraxial anaesthesia in acetabular surgery\u2014A randomized controlled pilot study","volume":"56","author":"Ali","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anaesthesiol. Intensive Ther."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1080\/11101849.2024.2355713","article-title":"A comparative study between postoperative analgesia of suprainguinal fascia iliaca compartment block (SIFI) and lumbar erector spinae plane block (ESPB) in hip arthroplasty","volume":"40","author":"Abdelaziz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdelrahman, T.N., Abdelsattar, M.M., Abdelmoneim Fouly, M., Bassiouny, M.A., and Talaat, S.M. (2025, May 01). A Comparative Study Between the Impact of Ultrasound Guided Pericapsular Nerve Group Block (PENG) Versus Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block (FICB) on the Quality of Postoperative Analgesia and Ambulation in Hip Arthroplasty. Perioperative Care and Operating Room Management [Internet]. 1 marzec. Available online: https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S240560302500010X.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcorm.2025.100469"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.02.017","article-title":"Quality of recovery after pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block for primary total hip arthroplasty under spinal anaesthesia: A randomised controlled observer-blinded trial","volume":"130","author":"Kukreja","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.4097\/kja.23774","article-title":"What are the best approaches to postoperative pain management after total hip replacement surgery?","volume":"76","author":"Jeong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Korean J. Anesthesiol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2021.110560","article-title":"Efficacy of quadratus lumborum block for analgesia in adult participants undergoing hip surgery: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"75","author":"Koo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Anesth."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000001048","article-title":"Role of regional anesthesia in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols","volume":"34","author":"Mancel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Anesthesiol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-025-05825-9","article-title":"Functional recovery and pain control following Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) block following hip surgeries: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"145","author":"Reysner","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch. Orthop. Trauma Surg."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15244","article-title":"Contemporary training methods in regional anaesthesia: Fundamentals and innovations","volume":"76","author":"Ramlogan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.04.045","article-title":"The educational impact of technology-enhanced learning in regional anaesthesia: A scoping review","volume":"133","author":"Savage","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00fcller-Wirtz, L.M., and Volk, T. (2021). Big data in studying acute pain and regional anesthesia. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202103.0402.v1"},{"key":"ref_124","first-page":"e65477","article-title":"Regional Anaesthesia, Contemporary Techniques, and Associated Advancements: A Narrative","volume":"16","author":"Gohad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1097\/eus.0000000000000022","article-title":"The use of simulation in medical ultrasound: Current perspectives on applications and practical implementation (WFUMB state-of-the-art paper)","volume":"12","author":"Lucius","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endosc. Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salamanna, F., Contartese, D., Brogini, S., Visani, A., Martikos, K., Griffoni, C., Ricci, A., Gasbarrini, A., and Fini, M. (2022). Key components, current practice and clinical outcomes of ERAS programs in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery: A systematic review. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11144222"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/17453674.2019.1683790","article-title":"Consensus statement for perioperative care in total hip replacement and total knee replacement surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS\u00ae) Society recommendations","volume":"91","author":"Wainwright","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Orthop."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2021.01.079","article-title":"Frequency and timing of complications and catastrophic events after same-day discharge compared with inpatient total hip arthroplasty","volume":"36","author":"Reddy","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Arthroplast."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mporth.2021.11.003","article-title":"Day-case total hip arthroplasty: A safe and sustainable approach to improve satisfaction and productivity, and meet the needs of the orthopaedic population","volume":"36","author":"Hall","year":"2022","journal-title":"Orthop. Trauma"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1302\/2633-1462.39.BJO-2022-0106.R1","article-title":"Ambulatory total hip arthroplasty: Causes for failure to launch and associated risk factors","volume":"3","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bone Jt. Open"},{"key":"ref_131","first-page":"439","article-title":"Better early outcome with enhanced recovery total hip arthroplasty (ERAS-THA) versus conventional setup in randomized clinical trial (RCT)","volume":"144","author":"Maderbacher","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch. Orthop. Trauma Surg."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi, Y.S., Park, K.K., Lee, B., Nam, W.S., and Kim, D.H. (2022). Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) block versus supra-inguinal fascia iliaca compartment block for total hip arthroplasty: A randomized clinical trial. J. Pers. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12030408"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2020-101826","article-title":"Analgesia and anesthesia using the pericapsular nerve group block in hip surgery and hip fracture: A scoping review","volume":"46","author":"Morrison","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reg. Anesth. Pain Med."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gitman, M., Fettiplace, M., and Weinberg, G. (2023). Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity. Pain.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-88727-8_5"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e051321","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-051321","article-title":"Effects of pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block on postoperative recovery in elderly patients with hip fracture: Study protocol for a randomised, parallel controlled, double-blind trial","volume":"12","author":"Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yeoh, S.R., Chou, Y., Chan, S.M., Hou, J.D., and Lin, J.A. (2022). Pericapsular nerve group block and iliopsoas plane block: A scoping review of quadriceps weakness after two proclaimed motor-sparing hip blocks. Healthcare, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10081565"}],"container-title":["Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2571-841X\/8\/2\/64\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:29:49Z","timestamp":1760030989000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2571-841X\/8\/2\/64"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]]},"references-count":136,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["reports8020064"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/reports8020064","relation":{},"ISSN":["2571-841X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2571-841X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]]}}}