{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T08:52:02Z","timestamp":1790844722379,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,22]],"date-time":"2010-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1264118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a complete vision sensor onboard a moving vehicle which collects the traffic data in its local area in daytime conditions. The sensor comprises a rear looking and a forward looking camera. Thus, a representative description of the traffic conditions in the local area of the host vehicle can be computed. The proposed sensor detects the number of vehicles (traffic load), their relative positions and their relative velocities in a four-stage process: lane detection, candidates selection, vehicles classification and tracking. Absolute velocities (average road speed) and global positioning are obtained after combining the outputs provided by the vision sensor with the data supplied by the CAN Bus and a GPS sensor. The presented experiments are promising in terms of detection performance and accuracy in order to be validated for applications in the context of the automotive industry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s100100860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,25]],"date-time":"2010-01-25T02:53:55Z","timestamp":1264388035000},"page":"860-875","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Vision-Based Traffic Data Collection Sensor for Automotive Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"David F.","family":"Llorca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronics Department, University of Alcal\u00e1, Polytechnic School, University Campus, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid 28871, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronics Department, University of Alcal\u00e1, Polytechnic School, University Campus, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid 28871, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8875-1866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Oca\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronics Department, University of Alcal\u00e1, Polytechnic School, University Campus, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid 28871, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel. A.","family":"Sotelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronics Department, University of Alcal\u00e1, Polytechnic School, University Campus, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid 28871, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Chellappa, R., Qian, G., and Zheng, Q. (, January May). Vehicle Detection and Tracking Using Acoustic and Video Sensors. Montreal, PQ, Canada."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Park, S., Kim, T., Kang, S., and Heon, K. (, January June). A Novel Signal Processing Technique for Vehicle Detection Radar. Ewing Township, NJ, USA."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Wang, C., Thorpe, C., and Suppe, A. (, January June). Ladar-Based Detection and Tracking of Moving Objects from a Ground Vehicle at High Speeds. 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Front and Rear Vehicle Detection and Tracking in the Day and Night Times Using Vision and Sonar Sensor Fusion. Edmonton, AB, Canada."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Sotelo, M.A., Nuevo, J., Bergasa, L.M., Oca\u00f1a, M., Parra, I., and Fern\u00e1ndez, D. (, January June). Road Vehicle Recognition in Monocular Images. Dubrovnik, Croatia."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3662552","article-title":"A New Approach to Linear Filtering and Prediction Problems","volume":"82","author":"Kalman","year":"1960","journal-title":"Trans. ASME J. Basic Eng"},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Derong, Y., Yuanyuan, Z., and Dongguo, L. (, January September). Fast Computation of Multiscale Morphological Operations for Local Contrast Enhancement. Shanghai, China."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Balcones, D., Llorca, D.F., Sotelo, M.A., Gavil\u00e1n, M., \u00c1lvarez, S., and Oca\u00f1a, M. (, January February). Real-Time Vision-Based Vehicle Detection for Rear-End Collision Mitigation Systems. Las Palmas, Spain."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Christopher, J.C. (1998). Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, Kluwer Academic Publishers."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Dalal, N., and Triggs, B. (2005, January June). Histograms of Oriented Gradients for Human Detection. San Diego, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Stein, G.P., Mano, O., and Shashua, A. (2002, January June). Vision-Based ACC with a Single Camera: Bounds on Range and Range Rate Accuracy. Versailles, France."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/10\/1\/860\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T22:01:17Z","timestamp":1760220077000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/10\/1\/860"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,22]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}},"alternative-id":["s100100860"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s100100860","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,22]]}}}