{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T18:52:24Z","timestamp":1789757544608,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,27]],"date-time":"2012-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thin films of tin oxide mixed cerium oxide were grown on unheated substrates by physical vapor deposition. The films were annealed in air at 500 \u00b0C for two hours, and were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and optical spectrophotometry. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy results reveal that the films were highly porous and porosity of our films was found to be in the range of 11.6\u201321.7%. The films were investigated for the detection of carbon monoxide, and were found to be highly sensitive. We found that 430 \u00b0C was the optimum operating temperature for sensing CO gas at concentrations as low as 5 ppm. Our sensors exhibited fast response and recovery times of 26 s and 30 s, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s120302598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,27]],"date-time":"2012-02-27T11:44:40Z","timestamp":1330343080000},"page":"2598-2609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Investigation of the Carbon Monoxide Gas Sensing Characteristics of Tin Oxide Mixed Cerium Oxide Thin Films"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sardar M. A.","family":"Durrani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad F.","family":"Al-Kuhaili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imran A.","family":"Bakhtiari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad B.","family":"Haider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2004.12.036","article-title":"Sensitivity enhancement for CO gas detection using a SnO2-CeO2-PdOx system","volume":"107","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sens. 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