{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T06:15:18Z","timestamp":1791180918924,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,2]],"date-time":"2012-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bacteria synthesize and sense low molecular weight signaling molecules, termed autoinducers, to measure their population density and community complexity. One class of autoinducers, the \u03b1-hydroxyketones (AHKs), is produced and detected by the water-borne opportunistic pathogens Legionella pneumophila and Vibrio cholerae, which cause Legionnaires\u2019 disease and cholera, respectively. The \u201cLegionella quorum sensing\u201d (lqs) or \u201ccholera quorum sensing\u201d (cqs) genes encode enzymes that produce and sense the AHK molecules \u201cLegionella autoinducer-1\u201d (LAI-1; 3-hydroxypentadecane-4-one) or cholera autoinducer-1 (CAI-1; 3-hydroxytridecane-4-one). AHK signaling regulates the virulence of L. pneumophila and V. cholerae, pathogen-host cell interactions, formation of biofilms or extracellular filaments, expression of a genomic \u201cfitness island\u201d and competence. Here, we outline the processes, wherein AHK signaling plays a role, and review recent insights into the function of proteins encoded by the lqs and cqs gene clusters. To this end, we will focus on the autoinducer synthases catalysing the biosynthesis of AHKs, on the cognate trans-membrane sensor kinases detecting the signals, and on components of the down-stream phosphorelay cascade that promote the transmission and integration of signaling events regulating gene expression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s120302899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,5]],"date-time":"2012-03-05T07:40:22Z","timestamp":1330933222000},"page":"2899-2919","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["\u03b1-Hydroxyketone Synthesis and Sensing by Legionella and Vibrio"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Tiaden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Competence Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University Z\u00fcrich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hubert","family":"Hilbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 9a, 80336 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.55.1.165","article-title":"Quorum sensing in bacteria","volume":"55","author":"Miller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu. 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