{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T10:51:44Z","timestamp":1788519104085,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,21]],"date-time":"2014-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1400630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper the humidity sensing properties of layers prepared by a new method for obtaining doped tin oxide are studied. Different techniques\u2014SEM, EDS in SEM, TEM, SAED, AES and electrical measurements\u2014are used for detailed characterization of the thin layers. The as-deposited layers are amorphous with great specific area and low density. They are built up of a fine grained matrix, consisting of  Sn- and Te-oxides, and a nanosized dispersed phase of Te, Sn and\/or SnTe. The chemical composition of both the matrix and the nanosized particles depends on the ratio RSn\/Te and the evaporation conditions. It is shown that as-deposited layers with RSn\/Te ranging from 0.4 to 0.9 exhibit excellent characteristics as humidity sensors operating at room temperature\u2014very high sensitivity, good selectivity, fast response and short recovery period. Ageing tests have shown that the layers possess good long-term stability. Results obtained regarding the type of the water adsorption on the layers\u2019 surface help better understand the relation between preparation conditions, structure, composition and humidity sensing properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s140508950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,21]],"date-time":"2014-05-21T10:38:31Z","timestamp":1400668711000},"page":"8950-8960","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Nanosized Thin SnO2 Layers Doped with Te and TeO2 as  Room Temperature Humidity Sensors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Biliana","family":"Georgieva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies \"Acad. J. Malinowski\", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl.109, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irena","family":"Podolesheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies \"Acad. J. Malinowski\", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl.109, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgy","family":"Spasov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies \"Acad. J. Malinowski\", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl.109, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Pirov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies \"Acad. J. Malinowski\", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl.109, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progsurf.2005.09.002","article-title":"The surface and materials science of tin oxide","volume":"79","author":"Batzill","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prog. Sur. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024916020690","article-title":"Dopants in nano-crystalline tin dioxide","volume":"52","author":"Rumyantseva","year":"2003","journal-title":"Russ. Chem. Bull."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1116\/1.581086","article-title":"Determination of the emission characteristics of evaporation sources and of the thickness and composition of mixed layers","volume":"16","author":"Podolesheva","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 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Actuator B"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6028(79)90411-4","article-title":"Interactions of tin oxide surface with O2, H2O and H2","volume":"86","author":"Yamazoe","year":"1979","journal-title":"Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Georgieva, B., Nihtianova, D., Pirov, J., and Podolesheva, I. (2010). Morphology and gas sensing properties of as-deposited and thermally treated doped thin SnOx layers. J. Phys. Conf. Ser.","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/223\/1\/012018"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"63","article-title":"Investigation of humidity sensors based on Sn-O-Te films by impedance spectroscopy","volume":"45","author":"Georgieva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bulg. Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2006.01.017","article-title":"Influence of nano-scale dopants of Pt, CaO and SiO2, on the alcohol sensing of SnO2 thin films","volume":"119","author":"Ling","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sens. Actuator"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"219","article-title":"Nanostructured thin Sn-O-Te films as humidity and ethanol sensors","volume":"40","author":"Georgieva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bulg. J. Phys."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/14\/5\/8950\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:11:39Z","timestamp":1760217099000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/14\/5\/8950"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,21]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]}},"alternative-id":["s140508950"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s140508950","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,21]]}}}