{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T09:33:37Z","timestamp":1789724017203,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,10]],"date-time":"2015-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1439164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to evaluate whether a recently described multi-sensor approach called BIONOTE\u00ae is accurate enough to verify the efficacy of treatment of patients with halitosis. A treatment with Lactobacillus brevis (CD2)\u2013containing lozenges, compared with placebo was tested. The BIONOTE\u00ae was compared with traditional techniques used to detect halitosis: OralChroma\u2122 and two calibrated odor judges enrolled for the organoleptic assessments. Twenty patients (10 treated and 10 placebo), suffering from active phase halitosis were included in the study. Treatment consisted of Lactobacillus brevis (CD2)\u2014containing lozenges or placebo, 4 tablets\/day for 14 days.  t0 was before the beginning of the study; t1 was day 7 and t2 was day 14. The effectiveness of treatment was assessed through: (1) Rosenberg score; (2) Winkel tongue coating index (WTCI) anterior and posterior; (2) OralChroma\u2122; (3) the new developed multi-sensor approach, called BIONOTE\u00ae (test technique). Only the WTCI anterior revealed statistically significant changes between t0 and t2 data (p = 0.014) in the treated group. Except for the WTCI anterior, all diagnostic methods revealed the lack of effectiveness for halitosis of a 14-days treatment with Lactobacillus brevis (CD2)\u2013containing lozenges. The BIONOTE\u00ae multisensor system seems accurate in addition to OralChroma\u2122 to assess the initial condition of halitosis and its mitigation during treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s150819583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,10]],"date-time":"2015-08-10T11:15:00Z","timestamp":1439205300000},"page":"19583-19596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Multi-Sensor Approach for the Monitoring of Halitosis Treatment via Lactobacillus brevis (CD2)\u2014Containing Lozenges\u2014A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Enrico","family":"Marchetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department MESVA, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio ed. Delta 6, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2986-1114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Tecco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, I.R.R.C.S. 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Delta 6, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ester","family":"Tarantino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department MESVA, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio ed. Delta 6, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Marzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department MESVA, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio ed. 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